1. Wheeler MC, Roe MH, Kaplan EL, Schlievert PM, Todd JK. Outbreak of group A streptococcus septicemia in children. JAMA. 1991. 266:533–537.
Article
2. Kiska DL, Thiede B, Caracciolo J, Jordan M, Johnson D, Kaplan EL, Gruninger RP, Lohr JA, Gilligan PH, Denny FW Jr. Invasive group A streptococcal infection in North Carolina: epidemiology, clinical features, and genetic and serotype analysis of causative organisms. J Infect Dis. 1997. 176:992–1000.
3. Lee SY, Lee JS, Lee MA, Jung WS, Kim SJ. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with intrauterine fetal death: a case report. Korean J Clin Microbiol. 1998. 1:109–112.
4. Nakashima K, Ichiyama S, Iinuma Y, Hasegawa Y, Ohta M, Ooe K, Shimizu Y, Igarashi H, Murai T, Shimokata K. A clinical and bacteriologic investigation of invasive streptococcal infections in Japan on the basis of serotypes, toxin production, and genomic DNA fingerprints. Clin Infect Dis. 1997. 25:260–266.
Article
5. Hoge CW, Schwartz B, Talkington D, Brieman RF, MacNeill EM, Englender SJ. The changing epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections and the emergence of toxic shock-like syndrome. JAMA. 1993. 269:384–389.
6. Musser JM, Kapur V, Szeto J, Pan X, Swanson DS, Martin DR. Genetic diversity and relationships among Streptococcus pyogenes strains expressing serotype M1 protein: recent intercontinental spread of a subclone causing episodes of invasive disease. Infect Immun. 1995. 63:994–1003.
Article
7. Musser JM, Hauser AR, Kim MH, Schlievert PM, Nelson K, Selander RK. Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic-shock-like syndrome and other invasive disease: clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991. 88:2668–2672.
8. Colman G, Tanna A, Efstratiou A, Gaworzewska ET. The serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes present in Britain during 1980-1990 and their association with disease. J Med Microbiol. 1993. 39:165–178.
Article
9. Hauser AR, Stevenes DL, Kaplan EL, Schlievert PM. Molecular analysis of pyrogenic exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes isolates associated with toxic shock-like syndrome. J Clin Microbiol. 1991. 29:1562–1567.
Article
10. Caparon MG, Scott JR. Identification of a gene that regulates expression of M protein, the major virulence determinant of group A streptococci. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987. 84:8677–8681.
Article
11. Beall B, Facklam R, Thompson T. Sequencing emm-specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1996. 34:953–958.
Article
12. Lee YH, Hwang KJ, Lee KJ, Bae SM, Kim KS. Genotype analysis of pyrogenic exotoxin and emm genes of Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates. J Bacteriol Virol. 2003. 33:277–283.
13. Whatmore AM, Kehoe MA. Horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of group A streptococcal emm-like genes: gene mosaics and variation in Vir regulons. Mol Microbiol. 1994. 11:363–374.
Article
14. Beall B, Facklam R, Hoenes T, Schwartz B. Survey of emm gene sequences and T-antigen types from systemic Streptococcus pyogenes infection isolates collected in San Francisco, California; Atlanta, Georgia; and Connecticut in 1994 and 1995. J Clin Microbiol. 1997. 35:1231–1235.
Article
15. Stanley J, Desai M, Xerry J, Tanna A, Efstratiou A, George R. High-resolution genotyping elucidates the epidemiology of group A streptococcus outbreaks. J Infect Dis. 1996. 174:500–506.
Article
16. Kim SJ, Kim MG, Hwang YS, Yang JW, Koo KH, Jeong ST. Two cases of acute necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes. Korean J Infect Dis. 1996. 28:185–190.
17. Schwartz B, Facklam RR, Breiman RF. Changing epidemiology of group A streptococcal infections in the USA. Lancet. 1990. 336:1167–1171.
18. Talkington DF, Schwartz B, Black CM, Todd JK, Elliott J, Breiman RF, Facklam RR. Association of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates with clinical components of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Infect Immun. 1993. 61:3369–3374.
Article
19. Kim S. Bacteriologic characteristics and serotypings of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from throats of school children. Yonsei Med J. 2000. 41:56–60.
20. Johnson DR, Kaplan EL. A review of the correlation of T-agglutination patterns and M-protein typing and opacity factor production in the identification of group A streptococci. J Med Microbiol. 1993. 38:311–315.
Article
21. Kim S, Lee NY. Antibiotic resistance and genotypic characteristics of group A streptococci associated with acute pharyngitis in Korea. Microb Drug Resist. 2004. 10:300–305.
Article
22. Kim S, Lee NY. Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of group A streptococci isolated from healthy schoolchildren in Korea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004. 54:447–450.
Article
23. Gardiner DL, Goodfellow AM, Martin DR, Sriprakash KS. Group A streptococcal Vir types are M-protein gene (emm) sequence type specific. J Clin Microbiol. 1998. 36:902–907.
Article
24. Lee NY, Koh EH, Kim S. Clonality analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of erythromycin resistant group A streptococci. Korean J Clin Microbiol. 2004. 7:27–30.
25. Descheemaeker P, Chapelle S, Lammens C, Hauchecorne M, Wijdooghe M, Vandamme P, Ieven M, Goossens H. Macrolide resistance and erythromycin resistance determinants among Belgian Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000. 45:167–173.
Article
26. Cockerill FR 3rd, Thompson RL, Musser JM, Schlievert PM, Talbot J, Holley KE, Harmsen WS, Ilstrup DM, Kohner PC, Kim MH, Frankfort B, Manahan JM, Steckelberg JM, Roberson F, Wilson WR. Molecular, serological and clinical features of 16 consecutive cases of invasive streptococcal disease. Southeastern Minnesota Streptococcal Working Group. Clin Infect Dis. 1998. 26:1448–1458.
27. Ichiyama S, Nakashima K, Shimokata K, Ohta M, Shimizu Y, Ooe K, Igarashi H, Murai T. Transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic shock-like syndrome among family members and confirmation by DNA macrorestriction analysis. J Infect Dis. 1997. 175:723–726.
Article
28. Chaussee MS, Liu J, Stevens DL, Ferretti JJ. Genetic and phenotypic diversity among isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from invasive infection. J Infect Dis. 1996. 173:901–908.