Gut Liver.  2014 Jan;8(1):35-40.

The Relationship between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Chronic Periodontitis

• Song JY
• Kim HH
• Cho EJ
• Kim TY

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
The most common cause of chronic periodontitis is poor oral hygiene. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) enhances the proximal migration of gastric contents and may cause poor oral hygiene. We hypothesized that GERD may increase thse risk of chronic periodontitis and investigated this potential relationship.
METHODS
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients between January 1, 2010, and April 30, 2012. GERD was defined as being present based on at least two of the following criteria: etiologic agent(s), identifiable signs and symptoms, and consistent anatomic alterations. A total of 280 patients with chronic periodontitis and 280 controls were analyzed. Information regarding patient demographics and other potential confounding factors for chronic periodontitis were collected through individual medical records.
RESULTS
GERD was revealed to be independently associated with an increased incidence of chronic periodontitis (odds ratio [OR], 2.883; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.775 to 4.682). The other three variables of dental caries (OR, 1.531; 95% CI, 1.042 to 2.249), tobacco use (OR, 2.335; 95% CI, 1.461 to 3.730), and history of medication (calcium channel blocker, cyclosporine, or phenytoin) (OR, 2.114; 95% CI, 1.160 to 3.854) were also determined to be independent risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study supported our hypothesis that GERD can be a risk factor for chronic periodontitis.

Keyword

Gastroesophageal reflux; Chronic periodontitis; Oral hygiene

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Chronic Periodontitis/*epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Gastroesophageal Reflux/*epidemiology
Humans
Incidence
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Young Adult