1. Cancer statistics. [Internet]. Goyang (Korea): National Cancer information Center [cited 2014 Feb 5]. Available from:. http://www.cancer.go.kr/mbs/cancer/subview.jsp?id=cancer_040101000000.
2. Cause of death statistics. [Internet]. Daejeon (Korea): Korean Statistical Information Service [cited 2014 Feb 5]. Available from:. http://kosis.kr/index/index.jsp.
3. Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, D'Amico R, et al. International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group; European Carotid Surgery Trial Collaborative Group. Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies. Health Technol Assess. 2003; 7:iii–x. 1-173.
Article
4. Turk DJ, Kozarek RA, Botoman VA, Patterson DJ, Ball TJ. Disposable endoscopic biopsy forceps: comparison with standard forceps of sample size and adequacy of specimen. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991; 13:76–78.
5. Dandalides SM, Carey WD, Petras R, Achkar E. Endoscopic small bowel mucosal biopsy: a controlled trial evaluating forceps size and biopsy location in the diagnosis of normal and abnormal mucosal architecture. Gastrointest Endosc. 1989; 35:197–200.
Article
6. Whiting P, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PM, Kleijnen J. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003; 3:25.
Article
7. Yang R, Vuitch F, Wright K, McCarthy J. Adequacy of disposable biopsy forceps for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a direct compar-choice between total and proximal gastrectomy in proximal early gastric cancer. Am J Surg. 2008; 196:587–591.
8. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. GRADE Working Group. Incorporating considerations of resources use into grading recommendations. BMJ. 2008; 336:1170–1173.
Article
9. Kobayashi S, Kasugai T, Yamazaki H. Endoscopic differentiation of early gastric cancer from benign peptic ulcer. Gastrointest Endosc. 1979; 25:55–57.
Article
10. Ryu KW, Lee JH, Choi IJ, Bae JM. Preoperative endoscopic clipping: localizing technique of early gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2003; 82:75–77.
Article
11. Park DJ, Lee HJ, Kim SG, et al. Intraoperative gastroscopy for gastric surgery. Surg Endosc. 2005; 19:1358–1361.
Article
12. Shim CS. Staining in gastrointestinal endoscopy: clinical appli-cations and limitations. Endoscopy. 1999; 31:487–496.
13. Mocellin S, Marchet A, Nitti D. EUS for the staging of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73:1122–1134.
Article
14. Choi J, Kim SG, Im JP, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS. Comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography and conventional endoscopy for prediction of depth of tumor invasion in early gastric cancer. Endoscopy. 2010; 42:705–713.
Article
15. Low VH, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Laufer I, Herlinger H. Diagnosis of gastric carcinoma: sensitivity of double-contrast barium studies. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994; 162:329–334.
Article
16. Murakami R, Tsukuma H, Ubukata T, et al. Estimation of validity of mass screening program for gastric cancer in Osaka, Japan. Cancer. 1990; 65:1255–1260.
Article
17. Gelfand DW. The multiphasic upper gastrointestinal exami-nation. Radiol Clin North Am. 1994; 32:1067–1081.
18. Chen CY, Hsu JS, Wu DC, et al. Gastric cancer: preoperative local staging with 3D multi-detector row CT–correlation with surgical and histopathologic results. Radiology. 2007; 242:472–482.
Article
19. Kim JH, Eun HW, Hong SS, Auh YH. Early gastric cancer: virtual gastroscopy. Abdominal Imaging. 2006; 31:507–513.
Article
20. Kim HJ, Kim AY, Oh ST, et al. Gastric cancer staging at multi-de-tector row CT gastrography: comparison of transverse and volu-metric CT scanning. Radiology. 2005; 236:879–885.
Article
21. Kumano S, Murakami T, Kim T, et al. T staging of gastric cancer: role of multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 2005; 237:961–966.
Article
22. Makino T, Fujiwara Y, Takiguchi S, et al. Preoperative T staging of gastric cancer by multi-detector row computed tomography. Surgery. 2011; 149:672–679.
Article
23. Park SR, Kim MJ, Ryu KW, et al. Prognostic value of pre-operative clinical staging assessed by computed tomography in resectable gastric cancer patients: a viewpoint in the era of preoperative treatment. Ann Surg. 2010; 251:428–435.
24. Yan C, Zhu ZG, Yan M, et al. Value of multidetector-row computed tomography in the preoperative T and N staging of gastric carcinoma: a large-scale Chinese study. J Surg Oncol. 2009; 100:205–214.
Article
25. Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009; 45:228–247.
Article
26. Goshima S, Kanematsu M, Watanabe H, et al. Hepatic he-mangioma and metastasis: differentiation with gadoxetate disodium-enhanced 3-T MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010; 195:941–946.
Article
27. Shoda H, Kakugawa Y, Saito D, et al. Evaluation of 18F-2-de-oxy-2-fluoro-glucose positron emission tomography for gastric cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals undergoing endoscopy. Br J Cancer. 2007; 97:1493–1498.
Article
28. Delbeke D, Martin WH. Positron emission tomography imaging in oncology. Radiol Clin North Am. 2001; 39:883–917.
Article
29. Yoshioka T, Yamaguchi K, Kubota K, et al. Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET in patients with advanced, metastatic, or recurrent gastric cancer. J Nucl Med. 2003; 44:690–699.
30. Buyyounouski MK, Klump WJ, Konski A, Wu H, Adler LP. FDG PET imaging of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Clin Nucl Med. 2005; 30:118–119.
Article
31. Mochiki E, Kuwano H, Katoh H, Asao T, Oriuchi N, Endo K. Evaluation of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography for gastric cancer. World J Surg. 2004; 28:247–253.
Article
32. Stahl A, Ott K, Weber WA, et al. FDG PET imaging of locally advanced gastric carcinomas: correlation with endoscopic and histopathological findings. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003; 30:288–295.
Article
33. De Potter T, Flamen P, Van Cutsem E, et al. Whole-body PET with FDG for the diagnosis of recurrent gastric cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002; 29:525–529.
Article
34. Yun M, Lim JS, Noh SH, et al. Lymph node staging of gastric cancer using (18)F-FDG PET: a comparison study with CT. J Nucl Med. 2005; 46:1582–1588.
35. Hillner BE, Siegel BA, Shields AF, et al. Relationship between cancer type and impact of PET and PET/CT on intended management: findings of the national oncologic PET registry. J Nucl Med. 2008; 49:1928–1935.
Article
36. Kinkel K, Lu Y, Both M, Warren RS, Thoeni RF. Detection of hepatic metastases from cancers of the gastrointestinal tract by using noninvasive imaging methods (US, CT, MR imaging, PET): a meta-analysis. Radiology. 2002; 224:748–756.
Article
37. Turlakow A, Yeung HW, Salmon AS, Macapinlac HA, Larson SM. Peritoneal carcinomatosis: role of (18)F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med. 2003; 44:1407–1412.
38. Jadvar H, Tatlidil R, Garcia AA, Conti PS. Evaluation of recurrent gastric malignancy with [F-18]-FDG positron emission tomography. Clin Radiol. 2003; 58:215–221.
Article
39. Ott K, Fink U, Becker K, et al. Prediction of response to pre-operative chemotherapy in gastric carcinoma by metabolic imaging: results of a prospective trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21:4604–4610.
Article
40. Bilici A, Ustaalioglu BB, Seker M, et al. The role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of suspected recurrent gastric cancer after initial surgical resection: can the results of FDG PET/CT influence patients' treatment decision making? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011; 38:64–73.
41. Harrison LE, Karpeh MS, Brennan MF. Total gastrectomy is not necessary for proximal gastric cancer. Surgery. 1998; 123:127–130.
Article
42. An JY, Youn HG, Choi MG, Noh JH, Sohn TS, Kim S. The difficult testinal Surgery Study (KLASS) Group. Recurrence following laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 1,417 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010; 17:1777–1786.
43. Ooki A, Yamashita K, Kikuchi S, et al. Clinical significance of total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer. Anticancer Res. 2008; 28:2875–2883.
44. Yoo CH, Sohn BH, Han WK, Pae WK. Proximal gastrectomy re-constructed by jejunal pouch interposition for upper third gastric cancer: prospective randomized study. World J Surg. 2005; 29:1592–1599.
Article
45. The Korean Gastric Cancer Association. Gastric cancer and gastrointestinal disease. Seoul: Ilchokak;2011.
46. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010 (ver. 3). Gastric Cancer. 2011; 14:113–123.
47. Sasako M, Sano T, Yamamoto S, et al. Japan Clinical Oncology Group. D2 lymphadenectomy alone or with para-aortic nodal dissection for gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359:453–462.
Article
48. Nunobe S, Hiki N, Ohyama S, Fukunaga T, Seto Y, Yamaguchi T. Survival benefits of pancreatoduodenectomy for gastric cancer: relationship to the number of lymph node metastases. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008; 393:157–162.
Article
49. Shchepotin IB, Chorny VA, Nauta RJ, Shabahang M, Buras RR, Evans SR. Extended surgical resection in T4 gastric cancer. Am J Surg. 1998; 175:123–126.
Article
50. Maehara Y, Oiwa H, Tomisaki S, et al. Prognosis and surgical treatment of gastric cancer invading the pancreas. Oncology. 2000; 59:1–6.
Article
51. Mita K, Ito H, Fukumoto M, et al. Surgical outcomes and survival after extended multiorgan resection for T4 gastric cancer. Am J Surg. 2012; 203:107–111.
Article
52. Ozer I, Bostanci EB, Orug T, et al. Surgical outcomes and survival after multiorgan resection for locally advanced gastric cancer. Am J Surg. 2009; 198:25–30.
Article
53. Jeong O, Choi WY, Park YK. Appropriate selection of patients for combined organ resection in cases of gastric carcinoma invading adjacent organs. J Surg Oncol. 2009; 100:115–120.
Article
54. Carboni F, Lepiane P, Santoro R, et al. Extended multiorgan re-section for T4 gastric carcinoma: 25-year experience. J Surg Oncol. 2005; 90:95–100.
Article
55. Oñate-Ocaña LF, Becker M, Carrillo JF, et al. Selection of best candidates for multiorgan resection among patients with T4 gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2008; 98:336–342.
Article
56. Kobayashi A, Nakagohri T, Konishi M, et al. Aggressive surgical treatment for T4 gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004; 8:464–470.
Article
57. Kunisaki C, Akiyama H, Nomura M, et al. Surgical outcomes in patients with T4 gastric carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2006; 202:223–230.
Article
58. Martin RC 2nd, Jaques DP, Brennan MF, Karpeh M. Extended local resection for advanced gastric cancer: increased survival versus increased morbidity. Ann Surg. 2002; 236:159–165.
59. Shin SH, Jung H, Choi SH, et al. Clinical significance of splenic hilar lymph node metastasis in proximal gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009; 16:1304–1309.
Article
60. Sano T, Yamamoto S, Sasako M. Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study LCOG 0110-MF. Randomized controlled trial to evaluate splenectomy in total gastrectomy for proximal gastric carcinoma: Japan clinical oncology group study JCOG 0110-MF. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2002; 32:363–364.
Article
61. Yu W, Choi GS, Chung HY. Randomized clinical trial of splenectomy versus splenic preservation in patients with proximal gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2006; 93:559–563.
Article
62. Kunisaki C, Makino H, Suwa H, et al. Impact of splenectomy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma of the cardia. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007; 11:1039–1044.
Article
63. Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Chen J, Kim J, Choi SH, Noh SH. Survival benefit of metastasectomy for Krukenberg tumors from gastric cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2004; 94:477–482.
Article
64. Okano K, Maeba T, Ishimura K, et al. Hepatic resection for metastatic tumors from gastric cancer. Ann Surg. 2002; 235:86–91.
Article
65. Cheon SH, Rha SY, Jeung HC, et al. Survival benefit of combined curative resection of the stomach (D2 resection) and liver in gastric cancer patients with liver metastases. Ann Oncol. 2008; 19:1146–1153.
Article
66. Glehen O, Mithieux F, Osinsky D, et al. Surgery combined with peritonectomy procedures and intraperitoneal chemohyper-thermia in abdominal cancers with peritoneal carcinomatosis: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21:799–806.
Article
67. Chareton B, Landen S, Manganas D, Meunier B, Launois B. Prospective randomized trial comparing Billroth I and Billroth II procedures for carcinoma of the gastric antrum. J Am Coll Surg. 1996; 183:190–194.
68. Kang KC, Cho GS, Han SU, et al. Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study (KLASS) Group. Comparison of Billroth I and Billroth II reconstructions after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy: a retrospective analysis of large-scale multicenter results from Korea. Surg Endosc. 2011; 25:1953–1961.
Article
69. Kojima K, Yamada H, Inokuchi M, Kawano T, Sugihara K. A comparison of Roux-en-Y and Billroth-I reconstruction after laparo-scopy-assisted distal gastrectomy. Ann Surg. 2008; 247:962–967.
Article
70. Kim JP, Hur YS, Yang HK. Lymph node metastasis as a significant prognostic factor in early gastric cancer: analysis of 1,136 early gastric cancers. Ann Surg Oncol. 1995; 2:308–313.
Article
71. An JY, Baik YH, Choi MG, Noh JH, Sohn TS, Kim S. Predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion: analysis of a single institutional experience. Ann Surg. 2007; 246:749–753.
72. Lai JF, Kim S, Kim K, et al. Prediction of recurrence of early gastric cancer after curative resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009; 1:1896–1902.
Article
73. Youn HG, An JY, Choi MG, Noh JH, Sohn TS, Kim S. Recurrence after curative resection of early gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010; 17:448–454.
Article
74. Kim MC, Kim W, Kim HH, et al. Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study (KLASS) Group. Risk factors associated with complication following laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a large-scale korean multicenter study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008; 15:2692–2700.
Article
75. Song J, Lee HJ, Cho GS, et al. Korean Laparoscopic Gastroin-ison with reusable forceps. Gastrointest Endosc. 1990; 36:379–381.
76. Kitano S, Shiraishi N, Uyama I, Sugihara K, Tanigawa N. Japanese Laparoscopic Surgery Study Group. A multicenter study on oncologic outcome of laparoscopic gastrectomy for early cancer in Japan. Ann Surg. 2007; 245:68–72.
Article
77. Huscher CG, Mingoli A, Sgarzini G, et al. Totally laparoscopic total and subtotal gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection for early and advanced gastric cancer: early and long-term results of a 100-patient series. Am J Surg. 2007; 194:839–844.
Article
78. Fujiwara M, Kodera Y, Misawa K, et al. Longterm outcomes of early-stage gastric carcinoma patients treated with laparo-scopy-assisted surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2008; 206:138–143.
Article
79. Hwang SH, Park do J, Jee YS, et al. Actual 3-year survival after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Arch Surg. 2009; 144:559–564.
Article
80. Lee SW, Nomura E, Bouras G, Tokuhara T, Tsunemi S, Tanigawa N. Long-term oncologic outcomes from laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a single-center experience of 601 consecutive resections. J Am Coll Surg. 2010; 211:33–40.
Article
81. Pugliese R, Maggioni D, Sansonna F, et al. Subtotal gastrectomy with D2 dissection by minimally invasive surgery for distal adenocarcinoma of the stomach: results and 5-year survival. Surg Endosc. 2010; 24:2594–2602.
Article
82. Jiang X, Hiki N, Nunobe S, et al. Long-term outcome and survival with laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Surg Endosc. 2011; 25:1182–1186.
Article
83. Yoo HM, Lee HH, Shim JH, et al. Long-term outcomes and survival after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: three-year survival analysis of a single-center experience in Korea. J Surg Oncol. 2011; 104:511–515.
Article
84. Pak KH, Hyung WJ, Son T, et al. Long-term oncologic outcomes of 714 consecutive laparoscopic gastrectomies for gastric cancer: results from the 7-year experience of a single institute. Surg Endosc. 2012; 26:130–136.
Article
85. Hur H, Jeon HM, Kim W. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for T2b advanced gastric cancers: three years' experience. J Surg Oncol. 2008; 98:515–519.
Article
86. Kim HH, Hyung WJ, Cho GS, et al. Morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an interim report–a phase III multicenter, prospective, randomized Trial (KLASS Trial). Ann Surg. 2010; 251:417–420.
87. Sano T. Evaluation of the gastric cancer treatment guidelines of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2010; 37:582–586.
88. Sasaki T. Discussion for gastric cancer treatment guidelines in Japan. Nihon Rinsho. 2003; 61:13–18.
89. Kahlke V, Bestmann B, Schmid A, Doniec JM, Küchler T, Kremer B. Palliation of metastatic gastric cancer: impact of pre-operative symptoms and the type of operation on survival and quality of life. World J Surg. 2004; 28:369–375.
Article
90. Sarela AI, Yelluri S. Leeds Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Multidisciplinary Team. Gastric adenocarcinoma with distant metastasis: is gastrectomy necessary? Arch Surg. 2007; 142:143–149.
91. Ono H, Kondo H, Gotoda T, et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer. Gut. 2001; 48:225–229.
Article
92. Manner H, Rabenstein T, May A, et al. Long-term results of endoscopic resection in early gastric cancer: the Western experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104:566–573.
Article
93. Choi KS, Jung HY, Choi KD, et al. EMR versus gastrectomy for intramucosal gastric cancer: comparison of long-term outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73:942–948.
Article
94. Jang JS, Choi SR, Qureshi W, et al. Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection in gastric neoplastic lesions at a single institution in South Korea. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009; 44:1315–1322.
Article
95. Uedo N, Iishi H, Tatsuta M, et al. Longterm outcomes after endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2006; 9:88–92.
Article
96. Gotoda T, Iwasaki M, Kusano C, Seewald S, Oda I. Endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer treated by guideline and expanded National Cancer Centre criteria. Br J Surg. 2010; 97:868–871.
Article
97. Bennett C, Wang Y, Pan T. Endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 4:CD004276.
Article
98. Chung JW, Jung HY, Choi KD, et al. Extended indication of endoscopic resection for mucosal early gastric cancer: analysis of a single center experience. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 26:884–887.
Article
99. Kang HJ, Kim DH, Jeon TY, et al. Lymph node metastasis from intestinal-type early gastric cancer: experience in a single institution and reassessment of the extended criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010; 72:508–515.
Article
100. Soetikno R, Kaltenbach T, Yeh R, Gotoda T. Endoscopic mucosal resection for early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23:4490–4498.
Article
101. Song SY, Park S, Kim S, Son HJ, Rhee JC. Characteristics of intramucosal gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastatic disease. Histopathology. 2004; 44:437–444.
Article
102. Hyung WJ, Cheong JH, Kim J, Chen J, Choi SH, Noh SH. Application of minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2004; 85:181–185.
Article
103. Lee H, Yun WK, Min BH, et al. A feasibility study on the expanded indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer. Surg Endosc. 2011; 25:1985–1993.
Article
104. Ahn JY, Jung HY, Choi KD, et al. Endoscopic and oncologic outcomes after endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer: 1370 cases of absolute and extended indications. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 74:485–493.
Article
105. Ajani JA, Barthel JS, Bekaii-Saab T, et al. NCCN Gastric Cancer Panel. Gastric cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010; 8:378–409.
106. Roviello F, Marrelli D, de Manzoni G, et al. Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer. Prospective study of peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2003; 90:1113–1119.
Article
107. Yoo CH, Noh SH, Shin DW, Choi SH, Min JS. Recurrence following curative resection for gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg. 2000; 87:236–242.
Article
108. Earle CC, Maroun JA. Adjuvant chemotherapy after curative re-section for gastric cancer in non-Asian patients: revisiting a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Eur J Cancer. 1999; 35:1059–1064.
Article
109. Mari E, Floriani I, Tinazzi A, et al. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancer: a meta-anal-ysis of published randomised trials. A study of the GISCAD (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Carcinomi dell'Apparato Digerente). Ann Oncol. 2000; 11:837–843.
110. Paoletti X, Oba K, Burzykowski T, et al. GASTRIC (Global Advanced/Adjuvant Stomach Tumor Research International Collaboration) Group. Benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010; 303:1729–1737.
111. Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:11–20.
Article
112. Sakuramoto S, Sasako M, Yamaguchi T, et al. ACTS-GC Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357:1810–1820.
Article
113. Sasako M, Sakuramoto S, Katai H, et al. Five-year outcomes of a randomized phase III trial comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 versus surgery alone in stage II or III gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29:4387–4393.
Article
114. Bang YJ, Kim YW, Yang HK, et al. CLASSIC trial investigators. Adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy (CLASSIC): a phase 3 open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012; 379:315–321.
115. Wagner AD, Grothe W, Haerting J, Kleber G, Grothey A, Fleig WE. Chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on aggregate data. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24:2903–2909.
Article
116. Glimelius B, Ekström K, Hoffman K, et al. Randomized comparison between chemotherapy plus best supportive care with best supportive care in advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol. 1997; 8:163–168.
Article
117. Murad AM, Santiago FF, Petroianu A, Rocha PR, Rodrigues MA, Rausch M. Modified therapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced gastric cancer. Cancer. 1993; 72:37–41.
Article
118. Pyrhönen S, Kuitunen T, Nyandoto P, Kouri M. Randomised comparison of fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. Br J Cancer. 1995; 71:587–591.
Article
119. Cocconi G, DeLisi V, Di Blasio B. Randomized comparison of 5-FU alone or combined with mitomycin and cytarabine (MFC) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1982; 66:1263–1266.
120. Cullinan SA, Moertel CG, Fleming TR, et al. A comparison of three chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of advanced pancreatic and gastric carcinoma. Fluorouracil vs fluorouracil and doxorubicin vs fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin. JAMA. 1985; 253:2061–2067.
Article
121. Douglass HO Jr, Lavin PT, Goudsmit A, Klaassen DJ, Paul AR. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluation of combinations of methyl-CCNU, mitomycin C, Adriamycin, and 5-fluorour-acil in advanced measurable gastric cancer (EST 2277). J Clin Oncol. 1984; 2:1372–1381.
Article
122. O'Connel MJ. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. A comparative clinical assessment of combination chemotherapy in the management of advanced gastric carcinoma. Cancer. 1982; 49:1362–1366.
123. Bang YJ, Van Cutsem E, Feyereislova A, et al. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gas-tro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-la-bel, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010; 376:687–697.
Article
124. Ohtsu A, Shah MA, Van Cutsem E, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29:3968–3976.
Article
125. Lordick F, Kang YK, Salman P, et al. Clinical outcome according to tumor HER2 status and EGFR expression in advanced gastric cancer patients from the EXPAND study. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31(Suppl):abstr #4021.
Article
126. Hecht JR, Bang YJ, Qin S, et al. Lapatinib in combination with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapeOx) in HER2-positive advanced or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (AC): The TRIO-013/LOGiC Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31(Suppl):abstr #LBA4001.
Article
127. Thuss-Patience PC, Kretzschmar A, Bichev D, et al. Survival ad-vantage for irinotecan versus best supportive care as sec-ond-line chemotherapy in gastric cancer–a randomised phase III study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO). Eur J Cancer. 2011; 47:2306–2314.
128. Park SH, Lim DH, Park K, et al. A multicenter, randomized phase III trial comparing second-line chemotherapy (SLC) plus best supportive care (BSC) with BSC alone for pretreated advanced gastric cancer (AGC). J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29(Suppl):abstr #4004.
Article
129. Zhang ZX, Gu XZ, Yin WB, Huang GJ, Zhang DW, Zhang RG. Randomized clinical trial on the combination of preoperative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia (AGC)–report on 370 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998; 42:929–934.
130. Skoropad VY, Berdov BA, Mardynski YS, Titova LN. A prospective, randomized trial of pre-operative and intraoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone in resectable gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2000; 26:773–779.
Article
131. Skoropad V, Berdov B, Zagrebin V. Concentrated preoperative radiotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: 20-years follow-up of a randomized trial. J Surg Oncol. 2002; 80:72–78.
Article
132. Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, et al. Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345:725–730.
Article
133. Kim S, Lim DH, Lee J, et al. An observational study suggesting clinical benefit for adjuvant postoperative chemoradiation in a population of over 500 cases after gastric resection with D2 nodal dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005; 63:1279–1285.
Article
134. Dikken JL, Jansen EP, Cats A, et al. Impact of the extent of surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy on recurrence patterns in gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28:2430–2436.
Article
135. The Study Group for Gastrointestinal Pathology, Korean Society of Pathologists. Guidelines for Pathologic Study of Gastric Cancer. Korean J Pathol. 1992; 26:154–163.
136. International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO classification of tumors of the digestive system. 4th ed. Lyon: World Health Organization;2010.
137. Lauren P. The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. An attempt at a histo-clinical classification. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1965; 64:31–49.
138. Kim WH, Park CK, Kim YB, et al. A standardized pathology report for gastric cancer. Korean J Pathol. 2005; 39:106–113.
139. Edge SB. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed.New York: Springer;2010.
140. Kim A, Bae JM, Kim SW, Gu MJ, Bae YK. HER2 status in gastric adenocarcinomas assessed by immunohistochemistry, auto-mated silver-enhanced in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Korean J Pathol. 2010; 44:493–501.
141. Kim MA, Jung EJ, Lee HS, et al. Evaluation of HER-2 gene status in gastric carcinoma using immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hum Pathol. 2007; 38:1386–1393.
Article
142. Bilous M, Osamura RY, Rüschoff J, et al. HER-2 amplification is highly homogenous in gastric cancer. Hum Pathol. 2010; 41:304–305.
Article
143. Hofmann M, Stoss O, Shi D, et al. Assessment of a HER2 scoring system for gastric cancer: results from a validation study. Histopathology. 2008; 52:797–805.
Article
144. Yano T, Doi T, Ohtsu A, et al. Comparison of HER2 gene amplification assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and HER2 protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep. 2006; 15:65–71.
Article