J Korean Med Sci.  2012 Jun;27(6):630-635. 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.6.630.

Low-Grade Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Kang HT
• Kim JK
• Shim JY
• Lee HR
• Linton JA
• Lee YJ

• KMID: 1421615
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.6.630

Abstract

Either chronic inflammation or metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with renal impairment. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relationship between elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 or more according to the presence of MetS in adult Koreans. In total, 5,291 subjects (> or = 20 yr-old) participating in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination were included. CKD stage 3 or more was defined as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, as calculated using the formula from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for CKD stage 3 or more in the highest WBC quartile (> or = 7,200 cells/microL) was 1.70 (1.17-2.39) after adjusting for MetS and other covariates, compared with the lowest WBC quartile (< 5,100 cells/microL). In subjects with MetS, the prevalence risk for CKD stage 3 or more in the highest WBC quartile was 2.25 (1.28-3.95) even after fully adjusting for confounding variables. In contrast, this positive association between WBC quartile and CKD stage 3 or more disappeared in subjects without MetS. Low-grade inflammation is significantly associated with CKD stage 3 or more in subjects with MetS but not in those without MetS.

Keyword

Kidney Failure, Chronic; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Leukocytes

MeSH Terms

Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Humans
Inflammation/complications/*diagnosis
Kidney Failure, Chronic/*epidemiology/etiology
Leukocyte Count
Male
Metabolic Syndrome X/complications/*diagnosis
Middle Aged
Nutrition Surveys
Odds Ratio
Prevalence
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
Risk Factors
Severity of Illness Index

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Odds ratio for chronic kidney disease stage 3 or more of individuals with or without metabolic syndrome, according to WBC quartile. Logistic regression analysis model was adjusted for age, gender, SBP, fasting plasma glucose, energy intake, smoking status, alcohol-drinking status, and BMI.

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