J Vet Sci.  2011 Sep;12(3):299-301. 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.3.299.

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and histopathological characteristics in canine brain with traumatic brain injury

• Yu CH
• Yhee JY
• Kim JH
• Im KS
• Kim NH
• Jung DI
• Lee HC
• Chon SK
• Sur JH

• KMID: 1067405
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2011.12.3.299

Abstract

We analyzed the expression level and cellular localization of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and histopathologically characterized canine traumatic brain injury (TBI). Canine TBI brains revealed subarachnoid and cerebral cortical hemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltration, neuronal necrosis, astrocytosis, and vasogenic edema. Immunohistochemical evaluations suggested that both pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha] and anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)] were highly expressed in neurons and neutrophils. In particular, the highest magnitude of expression was identified for IL-1beta and TGF-beta. This data helps describe the pathologic characteristics of canine TBI, and may help in the design of potential therapeutic approaches to control secondary damage by inflammatory cytokines.

Keyword

interleukin-1; interleukin-6; transforming growth factor-beta; traumatic brain injury; tumor necrosis factor-alpha

MeSH Terms

Animals
Brain/*immunology/*pathology
Brain Injuries/immunology/*pathology/*veterinary
Dogs
Humans
Interleukin-10/immunology/metabolism
Interleukin-1beta/immunology/metabolism
Interleukin-6/immunology/metabolism
Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology/metabolism
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/metabolism

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Dog brain with traumatic brain injury. (A) Neutrophils mixed with red blood cells are infiltrated into the cerebral cortex. (B) Gemistocyte was observed around the lesion with infiltrated red blood cells. (C) Strong positive signals for TGF-β of the cytoplasm of neurons and neutrophils (arrow) were observed in the contusion area. A and B: H&E stain, C: Immunohistochemical staining; counterstain with hematoxylin. Scale bars = 100 µm (A); 18 µm (B and C).

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