Korean J Intern Med.  1997 Jan;12(1):34-38.

Atrial fibrillation in patients with permanent VVI pacemakers: risk factors for atrial fibrillation

• Cho JG
• Jeong YH
• Cho IJ
• Ahn YG
• Cha KS
• Seo JP
• Park JH
• Jeong MH
• Park JC
• Kang JC

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Atrial fibrillation (AF) does not only deteriorate the cardiac function and increases the thromboembolic risk but also triggers rapid and irregular ventricular rhythm in patients with atrial synchronous pacing. However, the risk factors for the development of AF in patients with pacemakers are not clearly determined yet. The present study was designed to determine the risk factors for AF in patients with VVI pacemakers. METHODS: This study included 80 patients (41 sick sinus syndrome, 39 AV block) who were followed for more than 6 months or developed AF regardless of the duration of follow-up after implantation of VVI pacemakers. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not AF developed during follow-up (mean: 25.7 +/- 2.5 months): group A developed AF and group B did not. The underlying arrhythmias, cardiovascular risk factors, left atrial size, characteristics of P wave were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 58.9 +/- 11.4 years and 28 (35%) were male. AF developed in 13 (16.3%) of 80 patients with VVI pacemakers. Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) as an underlying arrhythmia was significantly more frequent in group A than group B (84.6% vs. 44.8%, p < 0.01). P wave width was greater in group A (127.6 +/- 24.8 ms) than in group B (110.7 +/- 17 ms) (p < 0.05). There was, however, no significant difference in cardiovascular risk factors, left atrial size, P wave axis and amplitude between the two groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that sinus node dysfunction and intra-atrial conduction delay may be the risk factors for AF in patients with VVI pacemakers. Further studies are needed to determine how sick sinus syndrome and intra-atrial conduction delay increase the risk for AF in patients with VVI pacemakers.

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Atrial Fibrillation/ultrasonography
Atrial Fibrillation/etiology*
Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology
Electrocardiography
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Heart Block/therapy
Human
Incidence
Male
Middle Age
Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects*
Risk Factors
Sick Sinus Syndrome/therapy