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Periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) is a spontaneous horizontal jerky nystagmus that reverses its direction periodically with a quiescent interval. PAN has been reported in acquired and congenital forms. The main...
OBJECTIVE: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) is thought to be assessing the function of the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. Therefore, cVEMP indirectly reflects the function of the posterior...
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) was derived from phobic postural vertigo and chronic subjective dizziness. Two key physical symptoms of PPPD are postural unsteadiness and visually induced dizziness. Although the underlying...
It is known that endolymphatic hydrops is a pathophysiologic mechanism of Meniere's disease, while the detailed role is not fully clarified. Study for endolymphatic hydrops mainly represents a pathologic histologic...
Labyrinthine fistula refers to a condition caused by an abnormal connection between the inner ear and surrounding structures. Most cases of that occur as a result of a complication brought...
In some dizzy patients the apogeotropic direction changing positional nystagmus (DCPN) can be caused by a central disorder such as a mass lesion near the fourth ventricle or infaction. We...