- Endocrinal dysfunction in children with Down syndrome
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Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS
- KMID: 2528193
- Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.
- 2022 Mar;27(1):15-21.
- doi: 10.6065/apem.2142236.118
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in live-born infants. Children with DS are at increased risk of numerous endocrinal comorbidities. The information contained in this article will... -
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- Gynecomastia in adolescent males: current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
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Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS
- KMID: 2554677
- Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.
- 2024 Apr;29(2):75-81.
- doi: 10.6065/apem.2346142.071
Gynecomastia (GM) is a common and continuously evolving condition that commonly occurs during adolescence. It is the source of significant embarrassment and psychological stress in adolescent males. GM is characterized... -
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- Subclinical hypothyroidism in children: updates for pediatricians
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Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS
- KMID: 2517584
- Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.
- 2021 Jun;26(2):80-85.
- doi: 10.6065/apem.2040242.121
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) above the upper limit of the reference range in the presence of normal free T4 concentrations. Depending on the degree... -
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- Idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia in children: an update
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Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS
- KMID: 2556670
- Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.
- 2024 Jun;29(3):152-155.
- doi: 10.6065/apem.2346156.078
Idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia (IKH) is defined as bouts of hypoglycemia with increased blood or urine ketones in certain children after prolonged fasting or during illness. IKH is divided into physiological... -
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