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STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the frequency of vertebral endplate Modic changes (MCs) and their effects on surgical outcomes in patients with unstable lumbar spines.
OVERVIEW...
Pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVF) are rare vascular lesions consisting of one or more arterial connections to a single venous channel without any intervening nidus of vessels or capillaries.
Case 1: A...