J Cardiovasc Interv.  2025 Jul;4(3):167-183. 10.54912/jci.2024.0036.

Advances in Cardiac Fibrosis Research and Treatment Development

• Kim YS
• Ahn Y

• KMID: 2570249
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.54912/jci.2024.0036

Abstract

Cardiac fibrosis, a hallmark of many cardiovascular diseases, has become a central focus in cardiology research. This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of fibroblast behavior, with a particular emphasis on their activation and cellular transitions during fibrosis development. Fibroblasts respond to tissue injury through a complex process of activation and transformation. Although transient activation into myofibroblasts is essential for tissue repair, prolonged activation can lead to pathological fibrosis. This delicate balance underscores the importance of elucidating the mechanisms governing fibroblast behavior. Here, we examine the molecular pathways that regulate fibroblast activation and their transition to myofibroblasts—highlighting the intricate interplay among growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components. We also discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating fibroblast activity to improve outcomes in cardiac conditions. These insights hold significant implications for developing knowledge-based therapies. By deepening our understanding of the complex interplay between fibroblasts and other cardiac components, we can refine our approaches to treating heart disease and enhancing patient outcomes. This review not only consolidates current knowledge but also identifies promising avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions in cardiac fibrosis, potentially revolutionizing the management of cardiovascular pathologies.

Keyword

Fibrosis; Inflammation; Macrophage; Myofibroblast; Phenotype