J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent.  2025 May;52(2):142-151. 10.5933/JKAPD.2025.52.2.142.

Survival Rate of Second Primary Molars after Treatment with the Halterman Appliance: A Retrospective Study

• Jung S
• Jih M
• Lee N

• KMID: 2567991
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5933/JKAPD.2025.52.2.142

Abstract

This retrospective study evaluated the 24-month survival rates of second primary molars after treatment of ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar with the Halterman appliance. Patients diagnosed with ectopic eruption at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Chosun University Dental Hospital and three private pediatric dental clinics between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. This study involved 113 children (66 boys and 47 girls) aged 5 to 9 years, utilizing electronic medical records and panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Survival analysis of second primary molars was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models. The findings indicated that the degree of root resorption significantly influenced survival rates, with 24-month cumulative survival rates of 90.9% for grade 1, 88.6% for grade 2, 68.9% for grade 3, and 33.3% for grade 4. The risk of premature loss was approximately 8.7 times higher in grade 4 compared to grade 1. No significant correlation was found between the survival rates and factors such as patient age, mesial angulation of the permanent first molar, or gingival emergence status of the permanent first molar. This study emphasizes the critical need to evaluate root resorption in second primary molars and to carefully consider anchorage design in the treatment of ectopically erupted permanent first molars, highlighting directions for further research.

Keyword

Ectopic eruption; Halterman appliance; Second primary molar; Root resorption; Survival rate