Nutr Res Pract.  2025 Apr;19(2):257-272. 10.4162/nrp.2025.19.2.257.

Dietary status and the relationship between dietary competencies, cooking skills, and nutrition quotient of middle-aged adults living alone in Korea

• Kwon S
• Lee Y
• Bae YJ

• KMID: 2566813
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2025.19.2.257

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Living alone has a bearing on unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as skipping meals, unbalanced diets, smoking, and drinking, raising concerns about health problems. This study aimed to examine the dietary habits, competencies, and cooking skills of adults living alone and their relationship with the nutritional quotient (NQ).
SUBJECTS/METHODS
We conducted an online survey spanning April 20–26, 2023 that was administered to 500 adults aged 35–64 yrs who were living alone in Korea. The questionnaire included questions regarding general information, eating habits, cooking environment, dietary competencies, cooking skills, and NQ. The results were stratified according to sex and age.
RESULTS
Middle-aged adults who were living alone responded that the main reason they skipped meals when eating alone was “because meal preparation is a hassle.” Middle-aged adults living alone consumed fewer vegetables, fruits, and milk than the recommended levels. The dietary competencies of the participants were 3.14 out of 5.0, and their cooking skills were 3.77 out of 5.0. Female had significantly higher scores for most items than male (P < 0.05). In addition, after adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of a high NQ score in the group with high dietary competencies was 3.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.15–6.55; P for trend < 0.001), and the odds of a high NQ score for participants with higher cooking skills were 3.99 (95% CI, 2.27–7.02).
CONCLUSION
These findings provide fundamental data for developing tailored nutrition education programs for adults aged 35–64 yrs living alone, considering age and sex differences.

Keyword

Living alone; cooking; dietary; empowerment; middle aged

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