Diabetes Metab J.  2025 Mar;49(2):165-168. 10.4093/dmj.2025.0097.

Beyond Body Mass Index: New Criteria for a Holistic Approach to Clinical Obesity

Affiliations
  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
  • 3Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea


Figure

  • Fig. 1. Comparison of the current obesity criteria and new Lancet commission obesity criteria. BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; BIA, bioimpedance; CNS, central nervous system; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.


Reference

1. Bray GA. Beyond BMI. Nutrients. 2023; 15:2254.
Article
2. Gomez-Zorita S, Queralt M, Vicente MA, Gonzalez M, Portillo MP. Metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically obese normal weight: a review. J Physiol Biochem. 2021; 77:175–89.
Article
3. Stefan N. Metabolically healthy and unhealthy normal weight and obesity. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2020; 35:487–93.
Article
4. Misra A, Jayawardena R, Anoop S. Obesity in South Asia: phenotype, morbidities, and mitigation. Curr Obes Rep. 2019; 8:43–52.
Article
5. World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia, 2000.
6. Kong AP, Xu G, Brown N, So WY, Ma RC, Chan JC. Diabetes and its comorbidities: where East meets West. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013; 9:537–47.
Article
7. Kim MK, Han K, Kwon HS, Song KH, Yim HW, Lee WC, et al. Normal weight obesity in Korean adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014; 80:214–20.
8. Rubino F, Cummings DE, Eckel RH, Cohen RV, Wilding JP, Brown WA, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025; 13:221–62.
Article
9. Piqueras P, Ballester A, Dura-Gil JV, Martinez-Hervas S, Redon J, Real JT. Anthropometric indicators as a tool for diagnosis of obesity and other health risk factors: a literature review. Front Psychol. 2021; 12:631179.
Article
10. Shepherd JA, Ng BK, Sommer MJ, Heymsfield SB. Body composition by DXA. Bone. 2017; 104:101–5.
Article
11. Son JW, Han BD, Bennett JP, Heymsfield S, Lim S. Development and clinical application of bioelectrical impedance analysis method for body composition assessment. Obes Rev. 2025; 26:e13844.
Article
12. Neeland IJ, Lim S, Tchernof A, Gastaldelli A, Rangaswami J, Ndumele CE, et al. Metabolic syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024; 10:77.
Article
13. Rinella ME, Sookoian S. From NAFLD to MASLD: updated naming and diagnosis criteria for fatty liver disease. J Lipid Res. 2024; 65:100485.
Article
Full Text Links
  • DMJ
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2025 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr