Sleep Med Psychophysiol.  2024 Dec;31(2):41-47. 10.14401/KASMED.2024.31.2.41.

Association Between Morningness and Defense Style in Adolescence: Morningness is Associated With Greater Adaptive and Self-Suppressive Defense Styles and Lesser Immature Defense Style

• Lee SJ
• Kim BJ
• Cha B
• Lee D
• Choi JW
• Lee YJ
• Lim EJ
• Kang N
• Im W

• KMID: 2564180
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14401/KASMED.2024.31.2.41

Abstract

Objectives
Eveningness predominates in adolescence. Morningness has been reported to be associated with mental toughness via resilience. Morningness could be related to healthy sleep habits and a good personality.
Methods
Sleep-related behaviors, such as weekend oversleep, social jetlag, and daytime sunlight exposure between 10:00 and 15:00, were evaluated using sleep-related questionnaires. Morningness-eveningness questionnaire, insomnia severity index, Epworth sleepiness scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and defense style questionnaire were used. This study includes 1,610 high school students.
Results
Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that morningness is predicted by male sex (β=0.115, t=4.769, p<0.001) and greater adaptive (β=0.092, t=3.506, p<0.001) and self-suppressive defense styles (β=0.072, t=2.192, p=0.029) and lesser immature defense styles (β=-0.163, t=-4.782, p<0.001) after controlling for age, sleep quality, depression, anxiety. Morningness is also predicted by greater sublimation (β=0.09, t=3.541, p<0.001) and reaction formation (β=0.112, t=4.488, p<0.001) and lesser consumption (β=-0.062, t=-2.501, p=0.012), passive aggression (β=-0.101, t=-3.747, p<0.001) and withdrawal (β=-0.084, t=-2.955, p=0.003), and male sex (β=0.117, t=4.896, p<0.001) after controlling for age, sleep quality, depression, and anxiety.
Conclusion
Morniness in adolescence may be related to a positive personality. Promoting morningness might be related to healthy development in personality.

Keyword

Chronotype; Defense mechanism; Defense style; Eveningness; Morningness