J Dig Cancer Res.  2024 Dec;12(3):171-175. 10.52927/jdcr.2024.12.3.171.

Realistic Approach to Elevated Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9

• Jeong HT
• Han J

• KMID: 2563741
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.52927/jdcr.2024.12.3.171

Abstract

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a tumor marker initially identified from colorectal cancer cell lines and is currently widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers. Although CA 19-9 is not routinely screened in general checkups, increasing its screening has led to the frequent detection of elevated CA 19-9 levels in asymptomatic individuals. Patients with elevated CA 19-9 levels often visit clinics for concerns about malignancy, making cancer exclusion essential to exclude cancers through detailed medical history taking, physical examination, and imaging studies. However, many cases of elevated CA 19-9 levels result from benign causes, such as pancreatobiliary diseases, hepatic diseases, pulmonary diseases, or gynecologic conditions. Thus, to avoid unnecessary tests, clinicians must understand the various causes and mechanisms of CA 19-9 elevation. Integrating the patient’s symptoms and medical and family history facilitates appropriate test selection and minimizes unnecessary procedures.

Keyword

CA-19-9 antigen; Pancreatic neoplasms; Biliary tract neoplasms; Diagnosis