J Mycol Infect.
2024 Sep;29(3):155-164. 10.17966/JMI.2024.29.3.155.
Etiology and Risk Factors in Patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
- Abibatou KT
1,2 - Fulgence KK1,3
- Paterne AG2
- Estelle GMK1,3
- Valérie ABT1,2
- Henriette VB1
- Etienne KA1
- Sebastien AJM1
- Vincent D1
- Pulchérie CKB1
- Hervé EIM1,3
- William Y1,2
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Parasitology, Mycology, Animal Biology and, Zoology, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- 2Malaria Research and Control Centre, National Institute of Public Health, BPV 47, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- 3Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of the Diagnosis and Research Centre on AIDS and the Others Infectious Diseases / Teaching Hospital of Treichville, 01 BPV 13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- KMID: 2563177
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.17966/JMI.2024.29.3.155
Abstract
- Background
Limited data on the molecular identification of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) pathogenesis in Côte d'Ivoire are available.
Objective
We sought to update the data on the causes of VVC in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Methods
Conducted between May 2023 and January 2024, this cross-sectional study focused on patients with symptoms suggestive of VVC in Abidjan. Each patient underwent swab collection, direct examination, and culture. Candida chromatic agar and Auxacolor® -based identification tests were performed. A molecular-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the hyphal wall protein 1 (hwp1) gene was used to differentiate between C. albicans, C. africana, and C. dubliniensis.
Results
The overall prevalence of fungal VVC was 53.6% (222/414 patients). After PCR, no C. africana or C. dubliniensis were observed. C. albicans isolates exhibited two PCR profiles: 941 bp and 941+850 bp, with C. albicans being the most frequently isolated species (70.7%) after C. tropicalis (9.9%). The most affected groups were patients younger than 25 (p = 0.018), those living in precarious housing (p < 0.0001), and pregnant women (p = 0.006). In addition, the presence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was significantly associated with vaginal irrigation (i.e., douching) frequency (p = 0.003), douche used (e.g., antibacterial or not) (p = 0.003), and underwear type (p = 0.037). The most common symptom reported was vaginal itching (46.4%).
Conclusion
No strains of C. africana and C. dubliniensis were found. The increased prevalence of VVC in Abidjan warrants further studies.
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