Ann Clin Neurophysiol.  2024;26(2):54-56. 10.14253/acn.24001.

Early relapse after rituximab treatment in a patient with seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a case report

• Lee J
• Hong YH

• KMID: 2560432
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14253/acn.24001

Abstract

Rituximab (RTX) is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 on B cells and is used to reduce the relapse risk in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Some patients experience relapse or exacerbation shortly after RTX treatment. We report a 54-year-old female with seronegative NMOSD who relapsed soon after RTX treatment.

Keyword

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; Rituximab; Recurrence; Rituximab; Recurrence

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Serial brain MRI revealed the disease exacerbation shortly following RTX treatment. FLAIR MRI revealed hyperintense lesions at the optic chiasm (red arrow) and right temporal horn of the lateral ventricle (blue dot circle) at 1 month prior to the initial RTX infusion (A) and at 2 weeks posttreatment (B). (C, D) Post-enhancement images corresponding to (A) and (B), respectively, revealing mild gadolinium enhancement with no significant changes. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; RTX, rituximab; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery.

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