Korean J Orthod.  2024 Sep;54(5):265-273. 10.4041/kjod23.196.

Finite element analysis of the effects of different archwire forms and power arm positions on maxillary incisors in en masse retraction using fixed lingual orthodontic appliances

• Tarkan H
• Guvenc IS

• KMID: 2559816
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod23.196

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of archwire form and power arm positions on maxillary incisors during lingual en masse retraction supported by miniscrew implants, using the finite element analysis method.
Methods
Sliding mechanics for lingual en masse retraction were simulated using the finite element method. Power arms were placed mesial and distal to the maxillary canine with straight and mushroom-shaped archwires. Miniscrews provided absolute anchorage for retraction force.
Results
When power arms were positioned mesial to the canine teeth, an increase in the intercanine distance was observed, while a decrease was noted when the power arms were distal to the canine tooth. Lateral incisors exhibited a greater torque loss, particularly when the power arm was mesial to the canine tooth. In the central incisors, the mushroom archwire resulted in intrusion, while the straight archwire showed an extrusion tendency. Movements in groups using the straight archwire were less controlled compared to those in groups using the mushroom archwire.
Conclusions
The archwire form and the position of the power arm affected the torque loss and vertical position of incisors during lingual en masse retraction supported by miniscrew implants. The most controlled movement was achieved with the combination of a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth and a mushroom archform.

Keyword

Finite element method; Orthodontic mini-implant; Lingual orthodontics; En-masse retraction

Figure

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  Figure 1 In both straight and mushroom forms of 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless steel lingual archwires, a 150-gram retraction force was applied parallel to the archwire to the miniscrews located between the first and second molars, originating from power arms placed mesial and distal to the canine tooth. A, Model 1 with a mushroom archwire and a power arm positioned mesial to the canine tooth. B, Model 2 with a straight archwire and a power arm positioned mesial to the canine tooth. C, Model 3 with a mushroom archwire and a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth. D, Model 4 with a straight archwire and a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth.

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  Figure 2 Brackets used for the anterior teeth: A, B, C brackets designed for a straight archwire, corresponding to central, lateral, and canine brackets, respectively; D, E, F brackets designed for a mushroom-shaped archwire, corresponding to central, lateral, and canine brackets, respectively.

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  Figure 3 The relationship between the applied force vector and the center of resistance (Cres) in mushroom (right) and straight (left) archwire.

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  Figure 4 Location of selected nodes. The selected points were chosen based on their anatomical positions. For central and lateral incisors, these include the middle and most tip of the incisal edge, and the most tip of the apex. For canines, the most tip of the incisal edge and the apex were selected.

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  Figure 5 Movement patterns of incisors in the four models were repetitively simulated 1,000 times and presented in exaggerated visuals. A, Model 1 with a mushroom archwire and a power arm positioned mesial to the canine tooth. B, Model 2 with a straight archwire and a power arm positioned mesial to the canine tooth. C, Model 3 with a mushroom archwire and a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth. D, Model 4 with a straight archwire and a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth.

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  Figure 6 Sagittal plane views of exaggerated visuals. A, Model 1 with a mushroom archwire and a power arm positioned mesial to the canine tooth. B, Model 2 with a straight archwire and a power arm positioned mesial to the canine tooth. C, Model 3 with a mushroom archwire and a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth. D, Model 4 with a straight archwire and a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth.

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