Ann Clin Microbiol.  2024 Sep;27(3):171-177. 10.5145/ACM.2024.27.3.3.

Roles of clinical microbiology in hospital environmental cleaning and disinfection: a narrative review

• Kim YA

• KMID: 2559805
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5145/ACM.2024.27.3.3

Abstract

Purpose
This narrative review examines the pivotal role of clinical microbiology in environmental cleaning and disinfection within healthcare facilities. With an increasing focus on infection control, particularly regarding multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), the review explores disinfection strategies, monitoring methods, and best practices, including recent recommendations from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Current content: MDROs such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycinresistant enterococci, and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are significant contributors to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). These organisms persist on hospital surfaces, posing a risk of transmission. There are various disinfection modalities for noncritical surfaces (e.g., bedrails, floors) detailing the advantages and limitations of common disinfectants, including quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite. It is efficient to use self-disinfecting surfaces coated with heavy metals and no-touch disinfection technologies, such as ultraviolet (UV)-C light and vaporized hydrogen peroxide. Clinical microbiologists are responsible for monitoring methods, including swab cultures, Replicate Organism Detection and Counting plates, and adenosine triphosphate assays, to assess the microbial load on hospital surfaces. Comprehensive monitoring is needed, which also includes visual inspection, UV-visible markers, and fluorescent tracers for quality control and performance feedback.
Conclusion
Environmental cleaning and disinfection are essential in reducing HAIs linked to MDROs. Effective implementation of evidence-based disinfection practices, adherence to guidelines, and collaboration between clinical staff are critical components of successful infection control. The clinical microbiologist's role is vital in evaluating cleaning efficacy and ensuring optimal infection prevention strategies through regular feedback and microbial surveillance.

Keyword

Bacterial multiple drug; resistance; Carbapenems; Cross infection; Disinfection; Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

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