World J Mens Health.
2024 Oct;42(4):881-889. 10.5534/wjmh.230328.
Dietary Glycemic Index and Load and Semen Quality: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Analysis within the FERTINUTS Trial
- Mateu-Fabregat J1,2,3
- Papandreou C
1,2,3,4 - Gutierrez-Tordera L1,2,3
- Rojas M1,2,3
- Novau-Ferré N1,2,3
- Mostafa H1,2,3
- Bulló M1,2,3,5
- Affiliations
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- 1Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain
- 2Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- 3Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- 4Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Siteia, Greece
- 5CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- KMID: 2559732
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.230328
Abstract
- Purpose
Infertility is a global health issue and nutrition plays a significant role in fertility outcomes. We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with semen quality parameters in a cohort of healthy young men.
Materials and Methods
The study included 106 men aged 18–35 years from the FERTINUTS trial. Dietary intake was estimated through 3-day dietary records and several semen parameters were assessed. Multivariable linear regression analysis with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) approach was employed.
Results
The cross-sectional analysis revealed positive associations between GI and GL and total sperm count, sperm concentration, and total motility. In the prospective analysis, baseline GI was associated with increases in pH, vitality, immotile sperm or abnormal midpiece and decreases in total sperm count and motility. Conversely, GL was positively associated with changes in vitality and total sperm count.
Conclusions
While these findings suggest that GI may have adverse effects on several sperm quality parameters, the results were not consistently observed in the cross-sectional analysis. However, GL was consistently associated with better sperm quality in both analyses. The impact of carbohydrate quality and quantity on fertility remains uncertain and larger prospective studies are needed.
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