Korean J Sports Med.  2024 Sep;42(3):220-228. 10.5763/kjsm.2024.42.3.220.

Association between Smoking Status, Adherence to Physical Activity Guidelines, and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

• Hei Y
• Lee YS
• Kim YS

• KMID: 2558670
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2024.42.3.220

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the association between smoking status and adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines among Korean adults, and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).
Methods
The data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2021. When analyzing the effects of smoking and PA on the AIP, smoking status was classified as nonsmoker, former smoker, and current smoker. Meeting the PA guidelines was categorized as not meeting both the moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) guidelines, meeting only the MVPA guidelines, meeting only the MSA guidelines, and meeting both. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine the correlation between smoking status and AIP, whether PA guidelines were met and AIP, and the cross-effects.
Results
The risk of AIP was about twice as high in current smokers (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.87–2.14) compared to those who had never smoked. When conducting multiple logistic regression analysis using current smokers who met neither the MVPA nor MSA guidelines as the reference group, the risk of AIP was found to decrease in current smokers who met only the MSA guideline (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.98) or both guidelines (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51–0.84).
Conclusion
For the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, it is important to engage in both aerobic and strength exercises that meet the PA guidelines, as well as to quit smoking. PA is thought to be able to buffer the effects of smoking.

Keyword

Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases; Smoking; Exercise; Strength training; Disease prevention; Public health

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Flow diagram of participants excluded. KNHANES: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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  Fig. 2 Joint associations of physical activity and smoking with atherogenic index of plasma. The OR (95% CI) are as follows: Current 2: 0.93 (0.75−1.17); Current 3: 0.84 (0.72−0.98); Current 4: 0.66 (0.51−0.84); Previous 1: 0.57 (0.51−0.63); Previous 2: 0.58 (0.46−0.72); Previous 3: 0.43 (0.38−0.50); Previous 4: 0.34 (0.26−0.45); None 1: 0.54 (0.49−0.60); None 2: 0.45 (0.36−0.55); None 3: 0.41 (0.36−0.47); None 4: 0.34 (0.36−0.45). OR: odds ratio, CI, confidence interval.

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