J Cardiovasc Imaging.  2024;32(1):21. 10.1186/s44348-024-00027-0.

Left ventricular thrombus routine screening with contrast echocardiography in patients with anterior ST‑elevation myocardial infarction: is it worth it?

• Correia J
• Ferreira G
• Fiuza J
• Almeida M
• Coelho J
• Correia E
• Correia J
• Moreira D
• Craveiro N
• Gonçalves M
• Neto V

• KMID: 2558556
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1186/s44348-024-00027-0

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular (LV) thrombus has a higher incidence among patients with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when compared to other types of acute myocardial infarction and is associated with worse prognosis. The management of LV thrombus diagnosis remains challenging. Contrast echocardiography (transthoracic echocardiography, TTE) has shown potential in improving the accuracy for its diagnosis, thereby influencing treatment strategies concerning antithrombotic/anticoagulation therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of contrast TTE as a routine screening method for detecting LV thrombus in the acute phase of anterior STEMI.
Methods
A prospective, single center, randomized controlled trial was conducted among patients with anterior STEMI. The study group underwent contrast TTE, while the control group received a conventional approach. Demographical, clinical, and diagnostic data were collected. Thrombus detection rates were compared between groups.
Results
A total of 68 patients were included (32 in the study group and 36 in the control group). No substantial baseline differences were observed between groups. Thrombus detection rate was 25.0% in the study group and 13.9% in the control group, however these results did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.24). The prevalence of anterior/ apical aneurysm was higher in the study group (46.9% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.03).
Conclusions
Conventional TTE may be adequate for diagnosing LV thrombus in the acute phase of anterior STEMI; however, further larger-scale and multicenter studies are necessary to obtain more robust and conclusive results. Ultrasound contrast may play a significant role in the detection of anterior/apical aneurysms, which are known risk factors for the subsequent development of thrombus.

Keyword

Anterior wall myocardial infarction; ST elevation myocardial infarction; Thrombus; Echocardiography; Ultrasonographic contrast