J Vet Sci.  2024 Jul;25(4):e56. 10.4142/jvs.23270.

Epidemiological, and molecular Infectious Disease investigation of Canine parvovirus-2 infection in Egypt

• Ammar EF
• Hegazy YM
• Al-gaabary M
• Mosad SM
• Salem M
• Marzok M
• Housawi F
• Al-ali M
• Alhaider A
• Tahoun A

• KMID: 2558452
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.23270

Abstract

Importance
Canine parvovirus enteritis (CPE) is a contagious viral disease of dogs caused by the canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. CPV-2 has a high global evolutionary rate. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 and understanding its epidemiology are essential for controlling CPV-2 infections.
Objective
This study examined the risk factors and survival outcomes of dogs infected with CPV-2. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 genotypes circulating in Egypt was performed to determine the evolution of CPV-2 nationally and globally.
Methods
An age-matched case-control study was conducted on 47 control and 47 CPVinfected dogs. Conditional logistic regression analysis examined the association between the potential risk factors and CPE in dogs. Survival analysis was performed to determine the survival pattern of the infected dogs. Thirteen fecal samples from infected dogs were collected to confirm the CPV genotype by CPV-2 VP2 gene sequencing, assembly of nucleotide sequences, and phylogenic analysis.
Results
Unvaccinated and roamer dogs had eight and 2.3 times higher risks of CPV infection than vaccinated dogs and non-roamer dogs, respectively. The risk of death from CPE was high among dogs without routine visits to veterinary clinics and among non-roamer dogs. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 confirmed its genotype identity and relationship with the CPV-2 c and b clade types.
Conclusions and Relevance
This study highlights the potential factors for CPE control, especially vaccination and preventing dogs from roaming freely outside houses. Isolated CPV genotypes are closely related to southern Asian genotypes, suggesting a substantial opportunity for global transmission.

Keyword

Canine parvovirus; case-control study; risk factors; phylogenetic biogeography; sequence analysis