Immune Netw.  2024 Feb;24(1):e5. 10.4110/in.2024.24.e5.

Optimising IL-2 for Cancer Immunotherapy

• Sprent J
• Boyman O

• KMID: 2557918
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4110/in.2024.24.e5

Abstract

The key role of T cells in cancer immunotherapy is well established and is highlighted by the remarkable capacity of Ab-mediated checkpoint blockade to overcome T-cell exhaustion and amplify anti-tumor responses. However, total or partial tumor remission following checkpoint blockade is still limited to only a few types of tumors. Hence, concerted attempts are being made to devise new methods for improving tumor immunity. Currently, much attention is being focused on therapy with IL-2. This cytokine is a powerful growth factor for T cells and optimises their effector functions. When used at therapeutic doses for cancer treatment, however, IL-2 is highly toxic. Nevertheless, recent work has shown that modifying the structure or presentation of IL-2 can reduce toxicity and lead to effective anti-tumor responses in synergy with checkpoint blockade. Here, we review the complex interaction of IL-2 with T cells: first during normal homeostasis, then during responses to pathogens, and finally in anti-tumor responses.

Keyword

IL-2; IL-2 therapy; Cancer immunotherapy; T cells