Korean J Ophthalmol.  2024 Jun;38(3):203-211. 10.3341/kjo.2023.0090.

Ischemic and Inflammatory Ocular Adverse Events Following Different Types of Vaccination for COVID-19 and Their Incidence Analysis

• Seo EJ
• Jung MS
• Lee K
• Kim KT
• Choi MY

• KMID: 2556190
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2023.0090

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the ocular adverse event (OAE) and the incidence rate that can occur after the COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods
Patients who visited with an ophthalmologic diagnosis within a month of COVID-19 vaccination were retrospectively analyzed. OAEs were categorized as ischemia and inflammation by their presumed pathogenesis and were compared by types of vaccine: messenger RNA (mRNA) and viral vector vaccine. The crude incidence rate was calculated using data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
Results
Twenty-four patients with OAEs after COVID-19 vaccination were reviewed: 10 patients after mRNA and 14 after viral vector vaccine. Retinal vein occlusion (nine patients) and paralytic strabismus (four patients) were the leading diagnoses. Ischemic OAE was likely to occur after viral vector vaccines, while inflammatory OAE was closely related to mRNA vaccine (p = 0.017). The overall incidence rate of OAE was 5.8 cases per million doses: 11.5 per million doses in viral vector vaccine and 3.4 per million doses in mRNA vaccine.
Conclusions
OAEs can be observed shortly after the COVID-19 vaccination, and their category was different based on the types of vaccine. The information and incidence of OAE based on the type of vaccine can help monitor patients who were administered the COVID-19 vaccine.

Keyword

COVID-19; Messenger RNA; Ocular adverse event; Viral vector vaccine