Korean J Fam Med.
2024 May;45(3):164-175. 10.4082/kjfm.23.0164.
Comparison of Metabolic Risk Factors Based on the Type of Physical Activity in Korean Adolescents: Results from a Nationwide Population-Based Survey
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- 3International Health Care Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- 4Healthcare Research Team, Health Promotion Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 5Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2556147
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0164
Abstract
- Background
Physical activity (PA) is associated with a favorable metabolic risk profile in adults. However, its role in adolescents remains unclear. In this study, using data (2019–2021) from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we investigated the optimal exercise type for preventing metabolic complications in adolescents.
Methods
A total of 1,222 eligible adolescent participants (12–18-year-old) were divided into four groups as follows: aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CE), and no exercise (NE). Daily PA was assessed using the international PA questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to measure lipid, glucose, and insulin levels. Additionally, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) indices were measured. Multivariate regression analysis was used to compare the metabolic risk factors across the PA groups before and after propensity score matching (PSM) adjustment for confounding variables.
Results
The CE group exhibited improved fasting glucose levels, lower TyG index, reduced white blood cell count, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels than the NE group. The RE group exhibited lower mean blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TyG index and a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome than the NE group. The AE group had higher total and HDL cholesterol levels. In detailed comparison of the AE and RE groups, the RE group consistently exhibited favorable metabolic parameters, including lower blood pressure and total and low-density cholesterol levels, which persisted after PSM.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the positive effects of PA on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Thus, RE may have a more favorable metabolic effect than AE. Further studies are needed to validate the benefits of exercise according to the exercise type.
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