Korean J Med Hist.  2024 Apr;33(1):103-134. 10.13081/kjmh.2024.33.103.

The April Revolution and the Sense of Place in Medical Space: Focusing on Major Hospitals in Downtown Seoul

• SHIN C

• KMID: 2555491
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2024.33.103

Abstract

This article focuses on the medical activities conducted by major hospitals in downtown Seoul during the April Revolution in 1960, examining their experiential context and significance. The influx of guns and bullets into Korean society following the liberation in 1945 intertwined with the political and social conflicts of the period, resulting in numerous assassinations, crimes, and terrorism. Gunshot wounds were traumas that became a part of the everyday life of Koreans, as well as scars which reflected their historical contexts.
At the same time, the frequent occurrence of gunshot wounds led to the development of medical capacities to treat them. The Korean surgical academia expanded its technical foundation with experiences during and after the Korean War. This progress was particularly noticeable in areas closely related to gunshot wounds, such as craniotomy, thoracotomy, vascular anastomosis, debridement, anesthesia, and blood transfusion. Major hospitals in downtown Seoul served as medical spaces where these experimental and technical foundations were concentrated, allowing them to minimize the death toll despite the massive gunfire by the National Police in April 1960. Thus, the aftermath of the epidemic of gunshots resulted in a rather paradoxical outcome.
This development became a resource for doctors and nurses, who added their revolutionary implications in reconstructing the experience of April 1960 in their various memoirs and reports. While memoirs reorganized general medical activities, portraying injured patients as participants in the revolution, reports provided forensic descriptions and interpretations of the deaths, giving authority to the main narrative of the revolution. As the interpretations and significance based on historical contexts gained prominence, major hospitals in downtown Seoul also developed a sense of place closely associated with the revolution.

Keyword

April Revolution; sense of place; gunshot wound; Seoul; National Medical Center (NMC); Paik Hospital; Hospital affiliated with the College of Medicine of Seoul National University; Severance Hospital; Soo Do Medical College Hospital; The Journal of the Korean Medical Association; 4월 혁명; 장소성; 총상; 서울; 국립중앙의료원; 백병원; 서울대학교 의과대학 부속병원; 세브란스병원; 수도의과대학 부속병원; 대한의학협회지