J Yeungnam Med Sci.  2024 Apr;41(2):86-95. 10.12701/jyms.2023.01256.

Impact of COVID-19 on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital: a retrospective observational study

• Kim HC

• KMID: 2554769
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01256

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital.
Methods
The study participants were patients with COVID-19 (n=5,006) and those without COVID-19 (n=367,162) registered in the database of Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital and standardized with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data on major mental disorders that developed in both groups over the 5-year follow-up period were extracted using the FeederNet computer program. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of major mental disorders.
Results
The incidences of dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group. The incidence rates per 1,000 patient-years in the COVID-19 group vs. the control group were 12.71 vs. 3.76 for dementia, 17.42 vs. 7.91 for sleep disorders, 6.15 vs. 3.41 for anxiety disorders, and 8.30 vs. 5.78 for depressive disorders. There was no significant difference in the incidence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder between the two groups. COVID-19 infection increased the risk of mental disorders in the following order: dementia (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.45–4.98), sleep disorders (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.76–2.91), anxiety disorders (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.25–2.84), and depressive disorders (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.15).
Conclusion
This study showed that the major mental disorders associated with COVID-19 were dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders.

Keyword

Big data; Cohort studies; COVID-19; Mental disorders; OMOP CDM

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Flowchart of study subjects in the Common Data Model network. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

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  Fig. 2. Observed hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for major mental disorders between the COVID-19 and control groups. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

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  Fig. 3. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the risks of major mental disorders in COVID-19 and control groups. (A) Depressive disorders, (B) anxiety disorders, (C) sleep disorders, and (D) dementia. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Reference

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