Investig Clin Urol.  2024 Jan;65(1):94-103. 10.4111/icu.20230227.

COL6A1 expression as a potential prognostic biomarker for risk stratification of T1 high grade bladder cancer: Unveiling the aggressive nature of a distinct non-muscle invasive subtype

• Kim K
• Byun YJ
• Zheng CM
• Moon S
• Jo SJ
• Kang HW
• Kim WT
• Choi YH
• Moon SK
• Kim WJ
• Piao XM
• Yun SJ

• KMID: 2550123
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20230227

Abstract

Purpose
T1 high grade (T1HG) bladder cancer (BC) is a type of non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) that is recognized as an aggressive subtype with a heightened propensity for progression. Current risk stratification methods for NMIBC rely on clinicopathological indicators; however, these approaches do not adequately capture the aggressive nature of T1HG BC. Thus, new, more accurate biomarkers for T1HG risk stratification are needed. Here, we enrolled three different patient cohorts and investigated expression of collagen type VI alpha 1 (COL6A1), a key component of the extracellular matrix, at different stages and grades of BC, with a specific focus on T1HG BC.
Materials and Methods
Samples from 298 BC patients were subjected to RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
We found that T1HG BC and muscle invasive BC (MIBC) exhibited comparable expression of COL6A1, which was significantly higher than that by other NMIBC subtypes. In particular, T1HG patients who later progressed to MIBC had considerably higher expression of COL6A1 than Ta, T1 low grade patients, and patients that did not progress, highlighting the aggressive nature and higher risk of progression associated with T1HG BC. Moreover, Cox and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses revealed a significant association between elevated expression of COL6A1 and poor progression-free survival of T1HG BC patients (multivariate Cox hazard ratio, 16.812; 95% confidence interval, 3.283–86.095; p=0.001 and p=0.0002 [log-rank test]).
Conclusions
These findings suggest that COL6A1 may be a promising biomarker for risk stratification of T1HG BC, offering valuable insight into disease prognosis and guidance of personalized treatment decisions.

Keyword

Collagen type VI; Non-muscle invasive bladder neoplasms; Progression-free survival; Risk assessment