Clin Mol Hepatol.
2024 Jan;30(1):16-36. 10.3350/cmh.2023.0315.
Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver-Taiwan Society of Cardiology Taiwan position statement for the management of metabolic dysfunction- associated fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases
- Cheng PN1
- Chen WJ2
- Hou CJY3
- Lin CL4
- Chang ML5,6
- Wang CC7
- Chang WT8,9
- Wang CY10,11,12
- Lin CY13,14
- Hung CL15,16
- Peng CY17,18
- Yu ML9,19,20,21
- Chao TH1
- Huang JF19
- Huang YH22,23,24
- Chen CY25
- Chiang CE26,27
- Lin HC23
- Li YH1
- Lin TH28,29
- Kao JH30
- Wang TD3,31
- Liu PY1
- Wu YW
32,33,34 - Liu CJ35
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan; Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 3Cardiovascular Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 4Department of Gastroenterology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 5Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- 6Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- 7Department of Gastroenterology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- 8Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- 9School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 10Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- 11School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- 12Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- 13Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- 14College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- 15Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- 16Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 17Center for Digestive Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- 18School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 19Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 20College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 21Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 22Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 23Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 24Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
- 25Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- 26General Clinical Research Center, and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 27School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- 28Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 29Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- 30Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- 31MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- 32Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- 33School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- 34Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- 35Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- KMID: 2549381
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0315
Abstract
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasingly common liver disease worldwide. MAFLD is diagnosed based on the presence of steatosis on images, histological findings, or serum marker levels as well as the presence of at least one of the three metabolic features: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic risk factors. MAFLD is not only a liver disease but also a factor contributing to or related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which is the major etiology responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with MAFLD. Hence, understanding the association between MAFLD and CVD, surveillance and risk stratification of MAFLD in patients with CVD, and assessment of the current status of MAFLD management are urgent requirements for both hepatologists and cardiologists. This Taiwan position statement reviews the literature and provides suggestions regarding the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, risk stratification, nonpharmacological interventions, and potential drug treatments of MAFLD, focusing on its association with CVD.
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