J Korean Acad Oral Health.  2023 Sep;47(3):93-98. 10.11149/jkaoh.2023.47.3.93.

Characteristics of hard seltzer and their effect on the tooth surface

• Cho SY
• Kim JE
• Chung KH
• Choi CH

• KMID: 2546503
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2023.47.3.93

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of commercially available hard seltzer on the tooth enamel surface.
Methods
Some commercially available hard seltzer were purchased at the market and the characteristics of the beverages were surveyed. Subsequently, Cloud hard seltzer mango was selected for the hard seltzer group (group 4), Jeju Samdasoo for the mineral water group (group 1), Coca-Cola for the cola group (group 2), and Cloud Original for the beer group (group 3). The specimens were immersed in the experimental beverage for 30 minutes, then the surface microhardness and surface condition of the specimens were evaluated.
Results
The average pH of the twelve types of hard seltzer in this study were 3.51±0.01 (before stirring) and 3.46±0.01 (after stirring). The pH of experimental beverage were 7.92±0.03 (group 1), 2.55±0.01 (group 2), 4.41±0.01 (group 3), and 3.31±0.01 (group 4). Paired t-test of the surface microhardness of enamel before and after beverage immersion found no significant difference in group 1 (P>0.05), but a significant difference was observed in groups 2, 3, and 4 (P<0.05). One way ANOVA of the surface microhardness change values (∆VHN, before - after immersion) among groups found a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 3 (9.20±34.82 ∆VHN and 20.20±6.52 ∆VHN) and groups 2 and 4 (82.90±18.08 ∆VHN and 67.10±18.27 ∆VHN) (P<0.05). On scanning electron microscopy, hard seltzer group showed rough and ruined surface condition.
Conclusions
This study found a risk of dental erosion due to the low pH of hard seltzer. Therefore, it is suggested that when ingesting hard seltzer, dental erosion should be considered for oral health.

Keyword

Hard seltzer; Enamel; Erosion

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Hard seltzer products in the study.

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  Fig. 2 SEM images of enamel surface after treatment (1, Jeju Samdasoo; 2, Coca-Cola; 3, Kloud Original; 4, Kloud Hard seltzer Mango; a: ×10,000, b: ×50,000).

Reference

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