Anat Cell Biol.  2023 Mar;56(1):141-144. 10.5115/acb.22.109.

Multiple renal veins clogging the hilum of the right kidney

• Nayak SB
• Pamidi N
• Packirisamy V
• Vasudeva SK

• KMID: 2540993
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.22.109

Abstract

Knowledge of variations of renal vessels is of utmost importance in retroperitoneal surgeries and kidney transplant surgeries. We report concurrent variations of the right renal vessels, observed in an adult male cadaver during dissection classes. The right kidney was supplied by three renal arteries, out of which two entered the kidney through the hilum and the other one entered through the lower pole of the kidney. There were five renal veins, emerging independently from the hilum and opening separately through five openings into the inferior vena cava. Among the veins, only one emerged anterior to the renal pelvis and the other four emerged behind it. Four of them terminated into the posterolateral aspect of the inferior vena cava, whereas one terminated into its anterior aspect. Fourth vein from above, received the right testicular vein. The renal hilum was clogged with the presence of seven vessels and renal pelvis.

Keyword

Renal vein; Renal artery; Abdomen; Inferior vena cava; Acute renal injuries

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Anterior view of the right kidney and its blood vessels. RK, right kidney; RU, right ureter; RA1, first renal artery; RA2, second renal artery; RA3, third renal artery; RV1, first renal vein; RV2, second renal vein; RV3, third renal vein; RV4, fourth renal vein; RV5, fifth renal vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; AA, abdominal aorta; LRV, left renal vein; RTV, right testicular vein; RTA, right testicular artery; S, superior; I, inferior; R, right; L, left.

• 

  Fig. 2 Posterior view of the right kidney and its blood vessels. RK, right kidney; RU, right ureter; RA1, first renal artery; RA2, second renal artery; RA3, third renal artery; RV1, first renal vein; RV2, second renal vein; RV3, third renal vein; RV4, fourth renal vein; RV5, fifth renal vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; AA, abdominal aorta; LRV, left renal vein; RTV, right testicular vein; S, superior; I, inferior; R, right; L, left.

• 

  Fig. 3 A simplified schematic diagram of the right renal veins. RK, right kidney; RU, right ureter; RV1, first renal vein; RV2, second renal vein; RV3, third renal vein; RV4, fourth renal vein; RV5, fifth renal vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; RTV, right testicular vein.

Reference

References

1. Ozkan U, Oğuzkurt L, Tercan F, Kizilkiliç O, Koç Z, Koca N. 2006; Renal artery origins and variations: angiographic evaluation of 855 consecutive patients. Diagn Interv Radiol. 12:183–6. PMID: 17160802.

2. Aremu A, Igbokwe M, Olatise O, Lawal A, Maduadi K. 2021; Anatomical variations of the renal artery: a computerized tomographic angiogram study in living kidney donors at a Nigerian Kidney Transplant Center. Afr Health Sci. 21:1155–62. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i3.24. PMID: 35222578. PMCID: PMC8843298.

3. Cho Y, Yoon SP. 2021; Bilateral inferior renal polar arteries with a high origin from the abdominal aorta. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 80:215–8. DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0040. PMID: 32301105.

4. Satheesha Nayak B, Kumar N, Sirasanagandla SR, Deepthinath R. 2014; Arterial glomerulus at the hilum of the right kidney and the abnormal course of the right testicular artery: a case report. Acta Med Iran. 52:414–7. PMID: 24902025. PMID: 2df47ffdcd7f443ab944b41d0e873dcc.

5. Chung AA, Millner PR. 2020; Accessory renal artery stenosis and secondary hypertension. Case Rep Nephrol. 2020:8879165. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8879165. PMID: 32774955. PMCID: PMC7396027.

6. Salsano G, Palermo B, Barattini M, Puccianti F, Gentilli S, Romano N, Falco E, Berti S, Stefanini T, Francone E. 2020; Pre-operative renal artery embolization in laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy: a multidisciplinary approach to renal tumors. Surg Technol Int. 36:23–8. PMID: 32359170.

7. Hostiuc S, Rusu MC, Negoi I, Dorobanțu B, Grigoriu M. 2019; Anatomical variants of renal veins: a meta-analysis of prevalence. Sci Rep. 9:10802. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47280-8. PMID: 31346244. PMCID: PMC6658480.

8. Zhu J, Zhang L, Yang Z, Zhou H, Tang G. 2015; Classification of the renal vein variations: a study with multidetector computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 37:667–75. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-014-1403-6. PMID: 25567101.

9. Lavy M, Martin L, Eouzan D, Turco C, Heyd B, Mantion G, Parratte B, Tatu L. 2015; An unusual case of Y-shaped right renal vein. Surg Radiol Anat. 37:101–4. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-014-1280-z. PMID: 24614923.

10. Kim MK, Ku YM, Chun CW, Lee SL. 2013; MDCT findings of right circumaortic renal vein with ectopic kidney. Korean J Radiol. 14:786–8. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.5.786. PMID: 24043973. PMCID: PMC3772259.

11. Sadler TW. 2004. Langmanʼs medical embryology. 9th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;Philadelphia: p. 223–5. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-014-1280-z.

12. Nayak S. 2006; Common celiaco-mesenterico-phrenic trunk and renal vascular variations. Saudi Med J. 27:1894–6. PMID: 17143371.

13. Anjamrooz SH, Azari H, Abedinzadeh M. 2012; Abnormal patterns of the renal veins. Anat Cell Biol. 45:57–61. DOI: 10.5115/acb.2012.45.1.57. PMID: 22536553. PMCID: PMC3328742.

14. Abraham J, Sharma A, Sharma M, J P J, Priyanka . 2015; Duplication of right testicular vein: embryological and clinical consideration- a case report. J Clin Diagn Res. 9:AD03–4. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14934.6723. PMID: 26673850. PMCID: PMC4668396. PMID: 917c131ca7bd494394e32006e49f7767.

15. Jaramillo Gante MA, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Tapia-Perez JH, Torres Medina Y, Viñas-Rios JM, González Aguirre D, Montes de Oca Arce JL. 2015; Extension of right renal vein in renal transplant from deceased donors: cohort study. Exp Clin Transplant. 13:126–9. PMID: 25871363.