Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.  2023 Mar;28(1):10-19. 10.6065/apem.2244170.085.

Vitamin D deficiency is a public health emergency among Indonesian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

• Octavius GS
• Shakila A
• Meliani M
• Halim A

• KMID: 2540782
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2244170.085

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children and adolescents.
Methods
This was a meta-analysis of prevalence using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method with a random effects model. A prediction interval was used to estimate true effects. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and 3 Indonesian databases (Indonesian Scientific Journal Database, Neliti, and Indonesia One Search). We included cross-sectional or case-control studies that provided data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. We excluded case reports, case series, cohort studies, or studies outside Indonesia. We computed point prevalence by dividing the number of children with hypovitaminosis D by the total number of subjects in that study. This review was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) (CRD42022329814).
Results
Of 1,397 manuscripts identified, 7 were included in this review. A total of 5,870 children were included in this meta-analysis, ranging in age from 6 months to 19 years. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Indonesia was calculated as 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9–56) and was higher in females (60% [95% CI, 58–62]) than in males (40% [95% CI, 38–42]). Mean serum vitamin D level was 22.74 ng/mL (95% CI, 16.95–30.51) with a prediction interval of 15.96 ng/mL to 29.52 ng/mL.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency is a public health emergency in Indonesia. Strategies to detect and treat vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children and adolescents should be implemented immediately.

Keyword

Hypovitaminosis D; Indonesia; Vitamin D deficiency; Public health emergency; Prevalence

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Prevalence of pediatric vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 2. Prevalence of pediatric vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia according to risk of bias. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 3. Prevalence of pediatric vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia according to study quality. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 4. Prevalence of pediatric vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia according to machines used. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 5. Prevalence of pediatric vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia according to cutoff. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 6. Prevalence of male pediatric vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 7. Prevalence of female pediatric vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 8. Prevalence of children and adolescent with sufficient vitamin D in Indonesia. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 9. Prevalence of male children and adolescent with sufficient vitamin D in Indonesia. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 10. Prevalence of female children and adolescent with sufficient vitamin D in Indonesia. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

Reference

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