Acute Crit Care.  2023 Feb;38(1):21-30. 10.4266/acc.2022.01515.

Adjuvant intravenous immunoglobulin administration on postoperative critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis: a retrospective study

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
  • 2Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
  • 3Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea

Abstract

Background
The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in sepsis patients from bowel perforation is still debatable. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of IVIG as an adjuvant therapy after source control. This study aimed to analyze the effect of IVIG in critically ill patients who underwent surgery due to secondary peritonitis.
Methods
In total, 646 medical records of surgical patients who were treated for secondary peritonitis were retrospectively analyzed. IVIG use, initial clinical data, and changes in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score over the 7-day admission in the intensive care unit for sepsis check, base excess, and delta neutrophil index (DNI) were analyzed. Mortalities and periodic profiles were assessed. Propensity scoring matching as comparative analysis was performed in the IVIG group and non-IVIG group.
Results
General characteristics were not different between the two groups. The survival curve did not show a significantly reduced mortality in the IVIG. Moreover, the IVIG group did not have a lower risk ratio for mortality than the non-IVIG group. However, when the DNI were compared during the first 7 days, the reduction rate in the IVIG group was statistically faster than in the non-IVIG group (P<0.01).
Conclusions
The use of IVIG was significantly associated with faster decrease in DNI which means faster reduction of inflammation. Since the immune system is rapidly activated, the additional use of IVIG after source control surgery in abdominal sepsis patients, especially those with immunocompromised patients can be considered. However, furthermore clinical studies are needed.

Keyword

intravenous immunoglobulin; peritonitis; sepsis

Figure

  • Figure 1. Flowchart of analyzed patients. In total, 150 of 646 patients were recruited for the study. After propensity score matching, 38 were classified in the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) group and 112 in the non-IVIG group, and variables were compared. ICU: intensive care unit.

  • Figure 2. Survival curves of the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) group and non-IVIG group. (A) Overall mortality. (B) 30-Day mortality. (C) In-hospital mortality.

  • Figure 3. The change of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (A) and delta neutrophil index (DNI; B) in the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and non-IVIG groups.

  • Figure 4. The change of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (A) and delta neutrophil index (DNI; B) in the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and non-IVIG patients who survived.


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