J Adv Prosthodont.  2023 Feb;15(1):33-43. 10.4047/jap.2023.15.1.33.

Physical and mechanical changes on titanium base of three different types of hybrid abutment after cyclic loading

• Ožiūnas R
• Sakalauskienė J
• Staišiūnas L
• Žekonis G
• Žilinskas J
• Janužis G

• KMID: 2539596
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2023.15.1.33

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study investigated the physical and mechanical changes in the titanium base of three different hybrid abutment materials after cyclic loading by estimating the post-load reverse torque value (RTV), compressive side fulcrum wear pattern of titanium base, and surface roughness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 24 dental implants were divided into three groups (n = 8 each): Group Z, LD, and P used zirconia, lithium disilicate, and polyetheretherketone, respectively, for hybrid abutment fabrication. RTV was evaluated after cyclic loading with 50 N for 1.2 × 10⁶ chewing cycles. The compressive sides of the titanium bases were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, and the roughness of the affected areas was measured using an optical profilometer after loading. Datasets were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney tests with the Bonferroni correction (α = .05).
RESULTS
Twenty-three samples passed the test; one LD sample fractured after 770,474 cycles. Post-load RTV varied significantly depending on the hybrid-abutment material (P = .020). Group P had a significantly higher median of post-load RTVs than group Z (16.5 and 14.3 Ncm, respectively). Groups LD and P showed minor signs of wear, and group Z showed a more pronounced wear pattern. While evaluating compressive side affected area roughness of titanium bases, lower medians were shown in group LD (Ra 0.16 and Rq 0.22 µm) and group P (Ra 0.16 and Rq 0.23 µm) than in group Z (Ra 0.26 and Rq 0.34 µm); significant differences were found only among the unaffected surface and group Z.
CONCLUSION
The hybrid abutment material influences the post-load RTV. Group Z had a more pronounced wear pattern on the compressive side of titanium base; however, the surface roughness was not statistically different among the hybrid-abutment groups.

Keyword

Dental implant; Dental abutment; Dental implant-abutment connection; Torque; Crown