Nutr Res Pract.  2023 Feb;17(1):73-90. 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.1.73.

Ethnic differences in attitudes, beliefs, and patterns of meat consumption among American young women meat eaters

• Choi SE
• Lee KJ

• KMID: 2539454
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2023.17.1.73

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Meat eaters face conflicts over meat consumption due to recent increasing demands for reduced-meat diets to promote human and environmental health. Attitudes toward consuming meat have been shown to be culture-specific. Thus, this study was performed to examine cultural differences in attitudes, beliefs, and patterns of meat consumption among meat eaters in a group homogeneous in terms of age and sex but with diverse ethnicities.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
In this cross-sectional study conducted in New York City in 2014, 520 female meat eaters (Whites = 25%; Blacks = 20%; East Asians = 35%; Hispanics = 20%) aged 20–29 completed a questionnaire consisting of a series of questions on meat consumption behaviors, which addressed amounts of consumption, cooking methods, past and future changes in meat consumption, and attitudes and beliefs regarding relationships between health and meat consumption. Logistic and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the effects of variables on meat consumption.
RESULTS
Blacks had the highest annual total meat consumption (64.2 kg), followed by East Asians (53.6 kg), Whites (46.9 kg), and Hispanics (35.8 kg). Blacks ate significantly more chicken than the other ethnic groups (P < 0.001), and East Asians ate significantly more pork and processed meat (P < 0.001). Regardless of ethnicity, grilling/roasting/broiling were the preferred cooking methods, and vegetables were most consumed as a side dish. More than half of the participants expressed an intention to decrease future meat consumption. East Asians more strongly perceived meat as a festive food (P < 0.001) and were less guilty about the slaughtering animals (P = 0.11) than other groups. No differences were found between the ethnic groups regarding negative attitudes to meat consumption.
CONCLUSIONS
The results show that ethnicities differ in terms of attitudes, beliefs, and patterns of meat consumption. Irrespective of ethnicity, the meat-eating participants almost unanimously demonstrated a willingness to reduce future meat consumption. It is hoped these findings aid the formulation of culturally-tailored interventions that effectively reduce meat consumption.

Keyword

Meat; consumption; women; ethnicity; attitude

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Age, weekly cooking frequency, and BMI (kg/m2) values (mean ± SD) of 520 participants by ethnic group. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference post hoc test was used for significance testing (P < 0.05). a-cBetween ethnic groups, means with a common superscript indicate no statistical significance.BMI, body mass index.***P < 0.001.

• 

  Fig. 2 Estimated annual meat consumption mean values of the 520 participants by ethnic group. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference post hoc test was used for significance testing (P < 0.05). a-c Between ethnic groups, means with a common superscript indicate no statistical significance.*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

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