J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci.  2022 Dec;38(4):196-203. 10.14368/jdras.2022.38.4.196.

Deep learning algorithms for identifying 79 dental implant types

• Kong HJ
• Yoo JY
• Eom SH
• Lee JH

• KMID: 2538517
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2022.38.4.196

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and clinical usability of an identification model using deep learning for 79 dental implant types.
Materials and Methods
A total of 45396 implant fixture images were collected through panoramic radiographs of patients who received implant treatment from 2001 to 2020 at 30 dental clinics. The collected implant images were 79 types from 18 manufacturers. EfficientNet and Meta Pseudo Labels algorithms were used. For EfficientNet, EfficientNet-B0 and EfficientNet-B4 were used as submodels. For Meta Pseudo Labels, two models were applied according to the widen factor. Top 1 accuracy was measured for EfficientNet and top 1 and top 5 accuracy for Meta Pseudo Labels were measured.
Results
EfficientNet-B0 and EfficientNet-B4 showed top 1 accuracy of 89.4. Meta Pseudo Labels 1 showed top 1 accuracy of 87.96, and Meta pseudo labels 2 with increased widen factor showed 88.35. In Top5 Accuracy, the score of Meta Pseudo Labels 1 was 97.90, which was 0.11% higher than 97.79 of Meta Pseudo Labels 2.
Conclusion
All four deep learning algorithms used for implant identification in this study showed close to 90% accuracy. In order to increase the clinical applicability of deep learning for implant identification, it will be necessary to collect a wider amount of data and develop a fine-tuned algorithm for implant identification.

Keyword

dental implants; artificial intelligence; deep learning; convolutional neural networks

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Accuracy and train loss results for EfficientNet-B0 and EfficientNet-B4 algorithms. The value of validation means top 1 accuracy.

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  Fig. 2 Top 1 and Top 5 accuracy and train loss results of Meta Pseudo Labels algorithms. Meta Pseudo Labels 2 is a setting with an increased widen factor.

Reference

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