Clin Orthop Surg.  2023 Feb;15(1):1-12. 10.4055/cios21122.

Value of Direct Decompression of Lumbosacral Roots in Sacral Fractures with Neurologic Deficit: Is It Mandatory?

• Elsherif EA
• Mokhtar MO

• KMID: 2538169
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4055/cios21122

Abstract

Background
The value of direct decompression of neural structures to treat lumbosacral plexus injury associated with sacral fractures is still debatable. Direct decompression allows decompression of nerve roots by sacral laminectomy and removal of bone fragments in the spinal canal. In contrast, indirect decompression may offer similar neurological outcomes if good fracture reduction and correction of sacral kyphosis are achieved. In this comparative retrospective study, we analyzed differences between direct and indirect neurological decompression in terms of neurological recovery, complications, and functional outcome.
Methods
This study included 33 cases with spinopelvic dissociation with variable degrees of lumbosacral plexus injury. All cases were managed by spinopelvic fixation. Eighteen patients (group 1) had direct decompression of lumbosacral nerve roots while 15 patients (group 2) had indirect decompression.
Results
Initial sacral kyphosis, quality of fracture reduction, and postoperative residual kyphosis were the main factors that significantly affected functional and neurological outcome in both groups. The final neurological improvement was similar in both groups. No significant difference was observed between both groups in the residual Gibbons’ score recorded in the last visit (p = 0.206). The final Majeed score also showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.869).
Conclusions
Indirect decompression of sacral fractures showed similar final functional outcome and neurological recovery compared to direct decompression. Restoration of lumbosacropelvic stability and anatomic reduction seem to be the cornerstone for better functional outcome and neurological recovery rather than direct decompression of neural elements.

Keyword

Spinopelvic fixarion; Sacrum; Cauda equina; Pelvic fracture