Korean J Intern Med.
2023 Jan;38(1):101-112. 10.3904/kjim.2022.050.
A study on changes in lung function, neutralizing antibodies, and symptoms of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19
- Affiliations
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- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 3Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 4Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- 6Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- 7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- 8Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 9Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2537402
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2022.050
Abstract
- Background/Aims
To identify changes in symptoms and pulmonary sequelae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at seven university hospitals in Korea between February 2020 and February 2021 were enrolled, provided they had ≥ 1 outpatient follow-up visit. Between January 11 and March 9, 2021 (study period), residual symptom investigations, chest computed tomography (CT) scans, pulmonary function tests (PFT), and neutralizing antibody tests (NAb) were performed at the outpatient visit (cross-sectional design). Additionally, data from patients who already had follow-up outpatient visits before the study period were collected retrospectively.
Results
Investigation of residual symptoms, chest CT scans, PFT, and NAb were performed in 84, 35, 31, and 27 patients, respectively. After 6 months, chest discomfort and dyspnea persisted in 26.7% (4/15) and 33.3% (5/15) patients, respectively, and 40.0% (6/15) and 26.7% (4/15) patients experienced financial loss and emotional distress, respectively. When the ratio of later CT score to previous ones was calculated for each patient between three different time intervals (1–14, 15–60, and 61–365 days), the median values were 0.65 (the second interval to the first), 0.39 (the third to the second), and 0.20 (the third to the first), indicating that CT score decreases with time. In the high-severity group, the ratio was lower than in the low-severity group.
Conclusions
In COVID-19 survivors, chest CT score recovers over time, but recovery is slower in severely ill patients. Subjects complained of various ongoing symptoms and socioeconomic problems for several months after recovery.
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