Korean J Women Health Nurs.  2022 Jun;28(2):100-111. 10.4069/kjwhn.2022.05.29.

Factors influencing the health-related quality of life in Korean menopausal women: a cross-sectional study based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms

• Kang JH
• Kim MJ

• KMID: 2535427
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2022.05.29

Abstract

Purpose
Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS), this study aimed to examine the direct effect of antecedent factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its indirect effect via symptoms in Korean women during the late menopausal transition (MT) and early postmenopause.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey employed a descriptive correlational research design. The respondents were 152 middle-aged women 40 to 60 years with an intermenstrual interval of 60 days or more (late MT) or less than 5 years from the last menstrual period (early postmenopause). The respondents were recruited through convenience sampling in Busan, Korea, from December 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. Based on the TOUS, self-report data were collected on perceived health status, psychological distress, social support, menopausal symptoms, and HRQoL. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the Hayes’ PROCESS macro.
Results
TOUS was supported on this sample (n=152) of Korean women during the late MT and early postmenopause. Perceived health status, psychological distress, and social support had significant direct relationships with HRQoL. Menopausal symptoms had significant indirect relationships between antecedent factors (perceived health status, psychological distress, and social support) and partially mediated HRQoL.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that menopausal symptoms play an important role as an intervening factor of HRQoL in women during the late MT and early postmenopause. Therefore, women need an integrated program that manages antecedent factors and menopausal symptoms to improve HRQoL in these menopausal stages.

Keyword

Middle aged; Menopause; Quality of life; Social support; Psychological distress

Figure

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  Figure 1. Framework of the present study based on the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms.

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  Figure 2. Mediating effect of menopausal symptoms in the relationship between perceived health status, psychological distress, social support, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (N=152). All paths (a, b, c, and c’) are coefficients representing unstandardized regression weights. a, b, c’=direct effects; c=total effect. *p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001.

Reference

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