Int J Arrhythm.  2022 Sep;23(3):18. 10.1186/s42444-022-00069-9.

“Blocked broken heart syndrome”: an unusual case of a complete atrioventricular block complicating a Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

• Briosa A
• Santos J
• Gomes A
• Simões O
• Miranda R
• Almeida S
• Brandão L
• Pereira H

• KMID: 2534092
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1186/s42444-022-00069-9

Abstract

Background
Complete heart block is considered a unique and rare complication of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, an otherwise self-resolving disease. When this occurs, there is a double clinical dilemma: first to find out which triggered the other and second, to decide whether or not to implant a permanent pacemaker.
Case presentation
We present a case of a 77 years-old female patient, with previous medical history of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and bifascicular block known since 2013. She came to the emergency department after recurrent syncopal episodes. At admission a complete heart block was diagnosed, and it was implanted a single chamber temporary pacemaker. The patient remained in disproportional acute decompensated heart failure despite pacemaker implantation. She denied chest pain although referring an episode of self-limiting chest pain 2 days before, after an argument with the family. Blood analysis showed an important rise in NTproBNP and troponin levels. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a dilated left ventricle with akinesia of apical and mid segments, hyperkinesia of basal segments and severely depressed left ventricle ejection fraction. Coronary angiography showed no significant lesions and the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was suspected. During the following days, she recovered her own intrinsic rhythm. Electrocardiogram evolved with deep T-wave inversion and prolonged QT interval and transthoracic echocardiogram showed resolution of the previous alterations. Despite complete reversion of rhythm alteration, it was decided to implant a permanent pacemaker.
Conclusions
We describe a rare, life-threatening and often underdiagnosed complication of the stress cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, we performed a literature revision of this rare complication and discussed the therapeutic challenge encountered in such patients.

Keyword

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; Complete heart block; Temporary pacemaker; Permanent pacemaker; Case Report