Ultrasonography.  2022 Oct;41(4):750-760. 10.14366/usg.21182.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for the assessment of early-stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced in rats by a high-fat diet

• Pantaleão Jr. ACS
• de Castro MP
• Meirelles Araujo KSF
• Campos CFF
• da Silva ALA
• Manso JEF
• Machado JC

• KMID: 2533853
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14366/usg.21182

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to diagnose the initial stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rat model.
Methods
Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated to control or experimental groups. A high-fat diet (HFD) with 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol, resembling a common Western diet, was fed to animals in the experimental groups for up to 16 weeks; those in the control group received a regular diet. A 21 MHz UBM system was used to acquire B-mode images at specific times: baseline (T₀), 10 weeks (T₁₀), and 16 weeks (T₁₆). The sonographic hepatorenal index (SHRI), based on the average ultrasound image gray-level intensities from the liver parenchyma and right renal cortex, was determined at T₀, T₁₀, and T₁₆. The liver specimen histology was classified using the modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network NAFLD activity scoring system.
Results
The livers in the animals in the experimental groups progressed from sinusoidal congestion and moderate macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis to moderate steatosis and frequent hepatocyte ballooning. The SHRI obtained in the experimental group animals at T₁₀ and T₁₆ was significantly different from the SHRI of pooled control group. No significant difference existed between the SHRI in animals receiving HFD between T₁₀ and T₁₆.
Conclusion
SHRI measurement using UBM may be a promising noninvasive tool to characterize early-stage NAFLD in rat models.

Keyword

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Animal models; High-fat diet; Dietary cholesterol; Ultrasonography