J Korean Soc Matern Child Health.  2022 Jul;26(3):171-182. 10.21896/jksmch.2022.26.3.171.

Development Process for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment Scale in High-Risk Pregnancy: 1st Phase of Preliminary Scale Development

• Kim JI

• KMID: 2532473
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2022.26.3.171

Abstract

Purpose
To pool preliminary items based on nine domains as the first phase of developing a preterm birth risk assessment scale (PBRAS).
Methods
Item generation was performed using deductive methods, such as literature review and related scales, and inductive methods through in-depth interviews with 11 preterm birth (PTB) women, and ex­perts validated the content. The experts were clinical nurses who worked in delivery rooms, and professors who taught on the subject of women's health nursing. Preliminary survey for 32-item was conducted among 27 women with PTB.
Results
After item generation and pooling for the PBRAS, a total of 84 items were developed. A 32-item questionnaire was integrated with rigorous review by experts. Internal consistency of the 32-item PBRAS had a Cronbach alpha of 0.90. The PBRAS was significantly correlated with pregnancy stress (r= 0.77, p<0.001), somatic awareness scale (r=0.72, p<0.001), and risk scoring for PTB (r=0.44, p<0.001).
Conclusion
The 32-item PBRAS has content validity, but exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for the 2nd phase of scale development needs to be performed.

Keyword

Instrumentation; Premature birth; Risk assessment

Reference

Ahn TG., Li L., Lee SJ., Huh YH., Kim C., Hwang JY. Serum fer-ritin concentration in the early third trimester of pregnancy and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight based on gestational age. J Korean Soc Matern Child Health. 2021. 25:55–62.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Preterm (premature) labor and birth [Internet]. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists;2020. [cited 2020 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/preterm-labor-and-birth.

Boateng GO., Neilands TB., Frongillo EA., Melgar-Quiñonez HR., Young SL. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Front Public Health. 2018. 6:149.

Cho MO., Kim JI. Development of the screening tool for risk of preterm birth in pregnant women. J Digit Converg. 2020. 18:335–44.

Creasy RK., Gummer BA., Liggins GC. System for predicting spontaneous preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 1980. 55:692–5.

Cunningham F., Leveno K., Bloom S., Spong C., Dashe J., Hoffman B, et al. Williams obstetrics. 25th ed.New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education;2018. p. 803–34.

De Vellis RF. Scale development: theory and applications. 4th ed.Los Angeles: Sage;2017.

Edenfield SM., Thomas SD., Thompson WO., Marcotte JJ. Vali-dity of the creasy risk appraisal Instrument for prediction of preterm labor. Nurs Res. 1999. 44:76–81.

Fuchs F., Monet B., Ducruet T., Chaillet N., Audibert F. Effect of maternal age on the risk of preterm birth: a large cohort study. PLoS One. 2018. 13:e0191002.

Haynes SN., Richard DCS., Kubany ES. Content validity in psy-chological assessment: a functional approach to concepts and methods. Pyschol Assess. 1995. 7:238–47.

Honest H., Bachmann LM., Sundaram R., Gupta JK., Kleijnen J., Khan KS. The accuracy of risk scores in predicting preterm birth - a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004. 24:343–59.

Iams JD., Berghella V. Care for women with prior preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010. 203:89–100.

Kim JI. Visualization of unstructured personal narratives of perterm birth using text network analysis. Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2020. 26:205–12.

Kim JI., Cho MO., Choi GY. Multiple factors in the second trimester of pregnancy on preterm labor symptoms and preterm birth. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2017. 47:357–66.

Kim YK., Lim KH. Risk factors for premature birth among premature obstetric labor women: a prospective cohort study. Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2018. 24:233–42.

Kim YR., Chung CW. Development of the Korean Pregnancy Stress Scale. Japan J Nurs Sci. 2018. 15:113–24.

Klockars-McMullen AB. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Somatic Awareness Scale of women with spontaneous preterm labor (SPL-SAS) [Internet]. Villanova (PA): Villanova University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing;2014. [cited 2020 Sep 25]. Available from https://www.proquest.com/pagepdf/1640894396.

Korea Statistics. Population trend; birth statistics 2020. [Internet]. Daejeon (Korea): Korea Statistics;2021. [cited 2021 Nov 1]. Available from: https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/2/3/index.board.

Kwon EJ., Lee KJ., Cho A., Park S., Park MH., Kim YJ, et al. Risk factors for preterm birth in advanced maternal age. J Korean Soc Matern Child Health. 2018. 22:106–11.

Lawn JE., Kinney M. Preterm birth: now the leading cause of child death worldwide. Sci Trans Med. 2014. 6:263ed21.

Lynn M. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986. 35:382–5.

Ogawa K., Urayama KY., Tanigaki S., Sago H., Sato S., Saito S, et al. Association between very advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cross sectional Ja-panese study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017. 17:349.

Petrini JR., Callaghan WM., Klebanoff M. Estimated effect of 17 alpha hydroxy-progesterone caproate on preterm birth in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2005. 105:267–72.

Polit DF., Beck CT., Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007. 30:459–67.

Sharma D., Padmavathi IV., Tabatabaii SA., Farahbakhsh N. Late preterm: a new high risk group in neonatology. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021. 34:2717–30.

Zhu YZ., Peng GQ., Tian GX., Qu XL., Xiao SY. New model for predicting preterm delivery during the second trimester of pregnancy. Sci Rep. 2017. 7:11294.