Infect Chemother.  2022 Jun;54(2):220-235. 10.3947/ic.2022.0061.

Weight Gain and Metabolic Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients

• Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

• KMID: 2530977
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2022.0061

Abstract

While human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated wasting has declined with significant advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are now becoming a problem for people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. The development of a new and more effective ART regimen has increased viral suppression and improved immunologic function recovery, leading to the extension of the lifespan of PLWH. It has recently been reported as one of the significant factors associated with weight gain, obesity, and long-term metabolic consequences in PLWH. This article reviewed the epidemiology of overweight and MetS among PLWH and the known risk factors for weight gain and its major comorbidities, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurocognitive disorders, and liver diseases, in PLWH. In addition, reports on the pharmacological and surgical management of overweight and obesity in PLWH has been briefly summarized.

Keyword

HIV; Metabolic syndrome; Weight gain; Obesity; Antiretroviral therapy; Highly active