J Mov Disord.
2022 May;15(2):95-105. 10.14802/jmd.21077.
Diagnosis and Clinical Features in Autoimmune-Mediated Movement Disorders
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- 2Department of Neurology, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- KMID: 2530214
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21077
Abstract
- Movement disorders are common manifestations in autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. This group of diseases is suspected to be triggered by infection or neoplasm. Certain phenotypes correlate with specific autoantibody-related neurological disorders, such as orofacial-lingual dyskinesia with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and faciobrachial dystonic seizures with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment, especially for autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens, can improve prognosis. In contrast, the presence of autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal agents warrants screening for underlying malignancy. However, early clinical diagnosis is challenging because these diseases can be misdiagnosed. In this article, we review the distinctive clinical phenotypes, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and current treatment options for autoimmune-mediated encephalitis.
