J Korean Med Sci.  2022 May;37(17):e143. 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e143.

The Association Between Temperament and Characteristics, Smartphone App Use Patterns and Academic Performance of University Students

• Lee JW
• Park SJ
• Kim S
• Chung US
• Han DH

• KMID: 2529707
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e143

Abstract

Background
Smartphone use patterns may predict daily life efficacy and performance improvements in sports. Additionally, personal characteristics may be associated with smartphone overuse.
Methods
We investigated the correlation between the temperament and character inventory (TCI) and academic performance using smartphone log data. We hypothesized that the elite and general groups, divided based on academic performance, differed according to the TCI and downloadable smartphone apps (applications). Additionally, we hypothesized a correlation between smartphone app usage patterns and TCI. A total of 151 students provided smartphone log data of the previous four weeks. They also completed the TCI and provided academic records of the previous year.
Results
The first and second most frequently used apps by both groups of students were social networking and entertainment, respectively. Elite students scored higher on novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, and self-transcendence than general students. In all participants, the usage time of serious apps was correlated with the scores for novelty seeking (r = 0.32, P < 0.007), reward dependence (r = 0.32, P < 0.007), and self-transcendence (r = 0.35, P < 0.006). In the elite group, the usage time of serious apps was correlated with the scores for novelty seeking (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), reward dependence (r = 0.39, P = 0.022), and self-transcendence (r = 0.35, P = 0.031). In the general group, the usage time of serious apps was correlated only with self-transcendence (r = 0.32, P < 0.007).
Conclusion
High usage time of serious apps can help sports majors to excel academically. Particularly among sports majors, serious apps are related to activity, the desire for rewards and recognition, and the tendency to transcend themselves.

Keyword

Smartphone Log Data; Data Science; Temperament and Character Inventory; Novelty Seeking; Reward Dependence; Serious App

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The correlations between biogenetic traits and app use time. (A) The correlation between the use time of serious app and the scores of novelty seeking, r = 0.32, P = 0.007. (B) The correlation between the use time of serious app and the scores of reward dependence, r = 0.32, P = 0.007. (C) The correlation between the use time of serious app and the scores of Self-Transcendence, r = 0.35, P = 0.006.

• 

  Fig. 2 Path analysis of temperament and character inventory, serious app and theoretical/sports performance.NS = novelty seeking, RD = reward dependence, P = persistence, SD = self-directedness, ST = self-transcendence.

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