J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol.  2021 Dec;19(2):83-92. 10.22537/jksct.2021.19.2.83.

The Prognosis of Glyphosate herbicide intoxicated patients according to their salt types

• Gyu JM
• Keum` KT
• Ahn S
• Kim YH
• Lee JH
• Cho KW
• Hwang SY
• Lee DW

• KMID: 2525868
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2021.19.2.83

Abstract

Purpose
Glyphosate herbicide (GH) is a widely used herbicide and has been associated with significant mortality as poisoned cases increases. One of the reasons for high toxicity is thought to be toxic effect of its ingredient with glyphosate. This study was designed to determine differences in the clinical course with the salt-type contained in GH.
Methods
This was a retrospective study conducted at a single hospital between January 2013 and December 2017. We enrolled GH-poisoned patients visited the emergency department. According to salt-type, patients were divided into 4 groups: isopropylamine (IPA), ammonium (Am), potassium (Po), and mixed salts (Mi) groups. The demographics, laboratory variables, complications, and their mortality were analyzed to determine clinical differences associated with each salt-type. Addtionally, we subdivided patients into survivor and non-survivor groups for investigating predictive factors for the mortality.
Results
Total of 348 GH-poisoned patients were divided as follows: IPA 248, Am 41, Po 10, and Mi 49 patients. There was no difference in demographic or underlying disease history, but systolic blood pressure (SBP) was low in Po group. The ratio of intentional ingestion was higher in Po and Mi groups. Metabolic acidosis and relatively high lactate level were presented in Po group. As the primary outcome, the mortality rates were as follows: IPA, 26 (10.5%); Am, 2 (4.9%); Po, 1 (10%); and Mi, 1 (2%). There was no statistically significant difference in the mortality and the incidence of complications. Additionally, age, low SBP, low pH, corrected QT (QTc) prolongation, and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation were analyzed as independent predictors for mortality in a regression analysis.
Conclusion
There was no statistical difference in their complications and the mortality across the GH-salt groups in this study.

Keyword

Glyphosate; herbicide; poisoning; isopropylamine; ammonium