Cardiovasc Imaging Asia.  2018 Apr;2(2):97-106. 10.22468/cvia.2018.00059.

Role of Noninvasive Diagnostic Imaging in Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Review

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
  • 2Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
  • 3Department of Neurology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
  • 4Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
  • 5Department of Informative Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.

Abstract

Historically, cardiac amyloidosis (CA) has been considered a rare disease; however, recent research has revealed a considerable number of hidden CA cases in patients with heart failure, especially in those with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, implying that the actual incidence of CA is probably underestimated. Typically, cardiac involvement signifies a poor prognosis in patients with systemic amyloidosis. However, recent advancements in therapeutic interventions have contributed to improved prognosis in these patients. Apparently, early diagnosis and intervention with effective therapies are imperative, because adequate therapeutic effects are not achieved in patients with late-stage CA. Advanced diagnostic imaging modalities, such as echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scintigraphy, facilitate a precise and early diagnosis of CA, providing appropriate management to patients with CA. This review aims to outline the clinical features of CA and the recent advancements in noninvasive diagnostic approaches using imaging modalities for CA.

Keyword

Amyloidosis; Heart failure; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiac imaging techniques; Magnetic resonance imaging
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