Perinatology.  2021 Dec;32(4):177-183. 10.14734/PN.2021.32.4.177.

Association of Maternal Diabetes with Neo natal Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

• Song JI
• Jung E
• Oh M
• Jeong J
• Cha T
• Ko S
• Lee BS
• Kim EAR
• Kim KS

• KMID: 2524271
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14734/PN.2021.32.4.177

Abstract

Objective
Women with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk for preterm delivery. However, reported findings on the effects of maternal diabetes on the outcome of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) are inconsistent. This study compared the mortality and morbidity among VLBWIs born to women with and without DM.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we included data on VLBWI without congenital malformations born between April 2013 and September 2020. Neonatal outcomes according to maternal diabetes, type of diabetes, and maternal insulin treatment were compared using multiva riate logistic analysis.
Results
Of 756 infants, 61 were born to women with DM. Of these 61 mothers, 55 had gestational DM, while 6 had pregestational DM. After adjusting for confounders, it was observed that VLBWI born to women with diabetes were less likely to develop sepsis. The risk of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was higher in the insulin-requiring DM group. There was no significant difference in the mortality of VLBWI under any maternal condition.
Conclusion
Maternal diabetes lowers the prevalence of sepsis in VLBWI, which is particularly augmented in the insulin-requiring DM group. However, maternal insulin treatment increases the incidence of severe IVH in VLBWI.

Keyword

Infant; very low birth weight; Diabetes mellitus; Infant; newborn; Morbidity; Mortality