Urogenit Tract Infect.
2021 Aug;16(2):25-31. 10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.25.
Impact of the Human Microbiome on Nephrolithiasis
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Urology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
- 2Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 3Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2519879
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.25
Abstract
- Nephrolithiasis has many causes, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The interest in the human microbiome is growing because of the advance of new diagnostic techniques, and recent studies have suggested a link between the microbiome and nephrolithiasis. This paper reviewed the role of the microbiome in nephrolithiasis. The absence of Oxalobacter formigenes induces hyperoxaluria, which promotes calcium oxalate stone (CaOx) formation. Escherichia coli promote CaOx supersaturation through hypocitraturia caused by the bacterial production of citrate lyase. Infection stones are associated with urea-splitting organisms, particularly Proteus mirabilis, and the stones themselves contain many species of bacteria.
